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Abstract Number: 1767

TNF-α Utilizes the TWEAK/Fn-14 Axis in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts to Induce Inflammation

Farheen Sultan Shaikh1, Anil Singh1, Paul Panipinto2 and Salahuddin Ahmed1, 1Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 2Washington State University College of Pharmaceutical Science and Molecular Medicine, Spokane, WA

Meeting: ACR Convergence 2023

Keywords: cytokines, Fibroblasts, Synovial, rheumatoid arthritis, Therapy, alternative, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

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Session Information

Date: Tuesday, November 14, 2023

Title: (1734–1775) RA – Etiology and Pathogenesis Poster

Session Type: Poster Session C

Session Time: 9:00AM-11:00AM

Background/Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α is a proinflammatory cytokine in rheumatoid arthritis that transduces intracellular signal transduction pathways through specific receptors, TNF-R1, and TNF-R2. The anti-TNF therapy has been a primary approach in the management of RA, yet most of the patients fall into low- and non-responder groups with unclear reasons. TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), another TNF-superfamily member, is a pleiotropic cytokine that similar to TNF-α regulates inflammatory activity, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling by binding to its receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn-14). As TNF-α and TWEAK activate common signaling pathways, we investigated the crosstalk between TWEAK and TNF-α in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) and studied the role of Fn-14 receptor knockdown on TNF-α-mediated inflammation.

Methods: Human RASFs were serum-starved overnight followed by treatment with different concentrations of TWEAK (50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 ng/mL) and TNF-α (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 ng/mL) alone and in combination for 24 hrs. The secretion of chemokines MCP-1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5, and MMP-1 was analyzed using ELISA, and synergy was studied using CompuSyn Software. Fn-14 siRNA knockdown in RASFs was done followed by TNF-α stimulation for 24 hrs. Global effects of Fn-14 gene knockdown were studied using an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) array. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using GraphPad and Metascape tools. Interactions between Fn-14 and TNF-R1 receptors were studied using the immunoprecipitation (IP) method followed by Western blot analysis. The experiments were performed in at least three patient cell lines and the statistical value of p< 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: TNF-α in combination with TWEAK resulted in greater secretion of both MCP-1 and RANTES compared to each cytokine alone. The synergy was more remarkable at the low combinations of cytokines (5 ng/mL of TNF-α + 50 ng/mL of TWEAK) for MCP-1, RANTES, and MMP-1 with a combination index < 1. RNA-seq data showed that one-third of the genes were differentially expressed in RASFs when stimulated with TNF-α. Out of the 1,389 genes that were 2-fold upregulated by TNF-α, the knockdown of Fn-14 significantly suppressed 168 genes when compared to TNF-α with NCsi treatment. In addition, out of the 2,186 genes 2-fold downregulated by TNF-α, 32 genes were restored in the absence of Fn-14. Gene Ontology analysis of the RNA-seq data suggests that Fn-14-knockdown-associated genes are involved in processes like- regulation of intrinsic apoptosis, regulation of innate immunity, and sensory perception of pain. Furthermore, our IP results with TNF-R1 pull-down showed the presence of Fn-14 indicating the interaction between these two receptors, which requires further experimental investigation.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that low-dose TNF-α synergizes with TWEAK to induce inflammation and also demonstrate the ability of TNF-α to potentially exploit the Fn-14 receptor to transduce non-canonical signaling in RASFs. This indicates that the pharmacological inhibition of Fn-14 may provide an effective adjunct therapy to anti-TNF therapy.


Disclosures: F. Shaikh: None; A. Singh: None; P. Panipinto: Regeneron, 3; S. Ahmed: None.

To cite this abstract in AMA style:

Shaikh F, Singh A, Panipinto P, Ahmed S. TNF-α Utilizes the TWEAK/Fn-14 Axis in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts to Induce Inflammation [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023; 75 (suppl 9). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/tnf-%ce%b1-utilizes-the-tweak-fn-14-axis-in-human-rheumatoid-arthritis-synovial-fibroblasts-to-induce-inflammation/. Accessed .
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