Abstracts tagged "Vasculitis"

Abstract Number: 1237 • ACR Convergence 2022
Assessment of Common Femoral Vein Intima-Media Thickness by Ultrasound in Behçet’s Disease: Comparative Study of Patients with or Without Vascular Involvement in a National Referral Center
Diana Prieto-Peña¹, Alfonso del Peral-Fanjul², Belén Atienza-Mateo¹, Veronica Pulito-Cueto¹, Miguel Ángel González-Gay³ and Ricardo Blanco⁴, ¹Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL; and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain, ²Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain, Spain, ³Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Cantabria; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla; Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain. Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, ⁴Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
Background/Purpose: Clinical vascular involvement is present in up to 40% of patients with Behçet’s disease (BD). Increased venous wall thickness assessed with ultrasound (US) has…
Abstract Number: 1561 • ACR Convergence 2022
Development of Posterior Uveitis in Behçet’s Syndrome Patients with Vitreous Cells Without Any Other Posterior Involvement
Didar Ucar¹, Basak Ecem Bircan², Nigar Rustamli³, Bilge Batu Oto¹, Vedat Hamuryudan⁴, Sinem Nihal Esatoglu⁵ and gulen Hatemi⁵, ¹Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey, ²Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey, ³Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey, ⁴Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul, Turkey, ⁵Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul, Turkey
Background/Purpose: A considerable number of patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS) have vitreous cells on slit lamp examination at the time of diagnosis. However, the prognostic…
Abstract Number: 1619 • ACR Convergence 2022
Silent Giant Cell Arteritis in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Characteristics and Peculiarities
Eugenio De Miguel¹, PIERLUIGI MACCHIONI², Edoardo Conticini³, Corrado Campochiaro⁴, Rositsa Karalilova⁵, Sara Monti⁶, Cristina Ponte⁷, Giulia Klinowski², Irene Monjo⁸, Paolo Paolo Falsetti³, Anastas Batalov⁹, alessandro tomelleri⁴ and Alojzija Hocevar¹⁰, ¹Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain, ²IRCCS-S.Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, ³Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, ⁴IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy, ⁵Medical University of Plovdiv, University Hospital Kaspela, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, ⁶Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, ⁷Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte EPE, Lisboa, Portugal, ⁸Hospital Universitario La Paz - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain, ⁹Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, ¹⁰University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Background/Purpose: Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are closely related diseases. PMR occurs in approximately 50 % of patients with GCA. In a…
Abstract Number: 0439 • ACR Convergence 2022
Clinical Characteristics of Patients with ANCA-Associated Vasculitis with and Without Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Alleles
Lynn Fussner¹, David Cuthbertson², Peter Grayson³, David Jayne⁴, Carol McAlear⁵, Michael Walsh⁶, Katherine Siminovitch⁷, Ulrich Specks⁸ and Peter Merkel⁹, ¹The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, ²University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, ³National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, ⁴University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, ⁵Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Philadelphia, PA, ⁶McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, ⁷University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁸Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, ⁹University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Background/Purpose: There are multiple reasons to suspect that alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) genotype impacts disease characteristics in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). A1AT serves as the predominant endogenous…
Abstract Number: 0471 • ACR Convergence 2022
Serum Proteomics in Giant Cell Arteritis: Findings of the Giant Cell Arteritis Treatment with Ultra-short Glucocorticoids and Tocilizumab Trial (The GUSTO Trial)
Lisa Christ¹, Andrea Gloor², Florian Kollert¹, Timo Gaber³, Frank Buttgereit³, Stephan Reichenbach⁴ and Peter Villiger⁵, ¹Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland, ²Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland, ³Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin / DRFZ Berlin, Berlin, Germany, ⁴University of Bern, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Bern, Switzerland, ⁵Medical Center Monbijou, Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
Background/Purpose: Measuring disease activity in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) remains challenging since appropriate biomarkers are missing, particularly, if tocilizumab (TCZ) is prescribed which…
Abstract Number: 0529 • ACR Convergence 2022
Complex Relationships Between Inflammation and Clonal Hematopoiesis in Systemic Vasculitis
Adrianna Jones¹, Kristina Wells¹, Fernanda Gutierrez-Rodrigues², Cameron Rankin³, Wanxia Tsai³, Bhavisha Patel⁴, Kaitlin Quinn¹, Dalton Hironaka², Massimo Gadina⁵, Keith Sikora¹, Neal Young² and Peter Grayson⁶, ¹National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, ²National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, ³NIAMS/NIH, Bethesda, MD, ⁴National Institutes of Health, Beltsville, MD, ⁵Translational Immunology Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, ⁶National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
Background/Purpose: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is defined by somatic mutations in a set of genes commonly associated with myeloid neoplasms in an otherwise…
Abstract Number: 1251 • ACR Convergence 2022
Venous Halo Sign Detected with Superb Microvascular Imaging in Behçet Syndrome
Yasemin Kayadibi¹, Yesim Ozguler², Melike Melikoglu³, Sinem Nihal Esatoglu³, Ahmet Ustundag¹, Ugur Kimyon⁴, Ayse Kalyoncu Ucar¹, Ibrahim Adaletli¹ and gulen Hatemi³, ¹Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Department of Radiology, Istanbul, Turkey, ²Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York, NY, ³Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul, Turkey, ⁴Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Background/Purpose: Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) is a novel technique that provides a more sensitive assessment of small vessels compared to color Doppler US (CDUS), by…
Abstract Number: 1564 • ACR Convergence 2022
Anti-TNF versus Anti-IL6 Receptor Antagonist Therapy in Severe Ocular Involvement in Behçet’s Disease
Nuria Barroso-García¹, Belén Atienza-Mateo², Ivan Ferraz Amaro³, Diana Prieto-Peña², Ana De Vicente-Delmás⁴, Ricardo Blanco⁵ and Miguel Ángel González-Gay⁶, ¹Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain, Cádiz, Spain, ²Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL; and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain, ³Division of Rheumatology. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Spain., Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, ⁴Hospital General Santa María del Puerto, Cádiz, Spain, ⁵Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain, ⁶Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Cantabria; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla; Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain. Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Background/Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of anti-TNF or anti-IL6 treatment in severe and refractory ocular involvement in patients with refractory cystoid macular edema (CME) due…
Abstract Number: 1620 • ACR Convergence 2022
Probability-based Diagnostic Algorithm in Suspected Giant Cell Arteritis: A Prospective, Multicentre Validity Data from HAS GCA Study
Alwin Sebastian¹, alessandro tomelleri², PIERLUIGI MACCHIONI³, Giulia Klinowski³, Carlo Salvarani⁴, Abdul Kayani⁵, Mohammad Tariq⁵, Diana Prieto-Peña⁶, Edoardo Conticini⁷, Muhammad Khurshid⁸, Sue Inness⁹, Jo Jackson⁹, Kornelis van der Geest¹⁰ and Bhaskar Dasgupta⁵, ¹University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Ireland, ²IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy, ³IRCCS-S.Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, ⁴Azienda USL -IRCCS di Reggio Emilia and Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy, ⁵Mid and South Essex University Hospital Groups, Southend, United Kingdom, ⁶Research Group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL; and Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain, ⁷Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, ⁸University Hospital Dorset, NHS foundation trust, UK, Poole, United Kingdom, ⁹University of Essex, School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise science, Colchester, United Kingdom, ¹⁰University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Background/Purpose: The presentation of new-onset giant cell arteritis (GCA) is highly variable. It is vital to make a secure diagnosis to minimise the risk for…
Abstract Number: 0443 • ACR Convergence 2022
Prognosis of Non-PR3 ANCA-Associated Vasculitis with Glomerulonephritis
Aurélien Chepy¹, Hélène Béhal², Alexandre Karras³, Xavier Puéchal⁴, Benjamin Terrier⁴, David Jayne⁵, Thomas Quéméneur⁶ and Mary-Jane Guerry⁷, ¹CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France, ²University of Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, Lille, France, ³HEGP, Paris, France, ⁴National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France, ⁵University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, ⁶Valenciennes Hospital, Valenciennes, France, ⁷Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes., Valenciennes, France
Background/Purpose: Immunosuppressive treatments have improved the prognosis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), transforming these formerly fatal diseases into chronic conditions, with periods of…
Abstract Number: 0472 • ACR Convergence 2022
The Common Carotid Artery in the Ultrasound Evaluation of Giant Cell Arteritis
Charles Oshinsky¹, Alison Bays¹, Ingeborg Sacksen¹, Elizabeth Jernberg², R. Eugene zierler¹ and Scott Pollock¹, ¹University of Washington, Seattle, WA, ²Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA
Background/Purpose: Giant cell arteritis (GCA), the most common large vessel vasculitis, can cause irreversible vision loss if untreated. Vascular ultrasound has been used with greater…
Abstract Number: 0567 • ACR Convergence 2022
Gain-of-Function Mutations in Lyn Kinase Cause a Novel Autoinflammatory Disease with Small Vessel Vasculitis and Liver Fibrosis
Adriana Almeida de Jesus¹, Guibin Chen², Dan Yang², Tomas Brdicka³, Natasha Ruth⁴, David Bennin⁵, Dita Cebecauerova⁶, Hana Malcova⁷, Helen Freeman⁸, Neil Martin⁹, Karel Svojgr⁶, Murray Passo⁴, Farzana Bhuyan¹⁰, Sara Alehashemi¹¹, Andre Rastegar¹², Kat Uss¹², Lela Kardova¹², Iris Duric³, Ebun Omoyinmi¹³, Petra Peldova⁶, Chyi-Chia Richard Lee¹⁴, David Kleiner¹⁴, Colleen Hadigan¹⁵, Stephen Hewitt¹⁴, Stefania Pittaluga¹⁴, Carmelo Carmona-Rivera¹⁶, Katherine R. Calvo¹⁵, Nirali Shah¹⁴, Miroslava Balascakova⁶, Danielle Fink¹⁷, Radana Kotalova⁶, Zuzana Parackova⁶, Lucie Peterkova⁶, Daniela Kuzilkova⁶, Vit Campr⁶, Lucie Sramkova⁶, Stephen Brooks¹⁶, Eric Meffre¹⁸, Rebecca Harper², Hyesun Kuehn¹⁵, Mariana Kaplan¹⁶, Paul Brogan¹⁹, Sergio Rosenzweig¹⁵, Zuoming Deng¹⁶, Anna Huttenlocher⁵, Susan Moir¹², Douglas Kuhns¹⁷, Manfred Boehm², Karolina Skvarova Kramarzova²⁰ and Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky²¹, ¹NIAID, NIH, Silver Spring, MD, ²National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, ³Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague, Czech Republic, ⁴Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, ⁵Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, ⁶Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University/University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic, ⁷Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University/University Hospital Motol, Praha, Czech Republic, ⁸Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, Scotland, United Kingdom, ⁹Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, ¹⁰National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, ¹¹NIH/NIAID/TADS, Clarksville, MD, ¹²National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, ¹³Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, ¹⁴National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, ¹⁵Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, ¹⁶National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, ¹⁷National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, ¹⁸Yale University, New Haven, CT, ¹⁹UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, ²⁰Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University/University Hospital Motol, Prague, ²¹NIH/NIAID, Potomac, MD
Background/Purpose: Lyn kinase is a member of the Src family of tyrosine kinases that regulates innate and adaptive immune responses. Lyn C-terminal tail tyrosine residue,…
Abstract Number: 1257 • ACR Convergence 2022
Assessing the Effectiveness of Tocilizumab in Giant Cell Arteritis by PET: Multicenter Study of 101 Patients of Clinical Practice
Julio Sánchez-Martín¹, Javier Loricera¹, Santos Castañeda², Clara Moriano³, F. Javier Narváez⁴, Vicente Aldasoro⁵, Olga Maiz⁶, Rafael Melero⁷, Juan Ignacio Villa Blanco⁸, Paloma Vela-Casampere⁹, Susana Romero Yuste¹⁰, José Luis Callejas¹¹, Eugenio De Miguel¹², Eva Galíndez-Agirregoikoa¹³, Francisca Sivera¹⁴, Jesus Fernandez¹⁵, Carles Galisteo¹⁶, Ivan Ferraz Amaro¹⁷, Lara Sánchez-Bilbao¹, Monica Calderon-Goercke¹⁸, Miguel Ángel González-Gay¹⁹ and Ricardo Blanco²⁰, ¹Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain, ²Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Madrid, Spain, ³Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain, ⁴Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, ⁵Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, ⁶Hospital Universitario de Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain, ⁷Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain, ⁸Sierrallana Hospital, Torrelavega, Spain, ⁹Hospital General Universitario Alicante, Alicante, Spain, ¹⁰Complexo Hospitalario Universitario, Pontevedra, Spain, ¹¹Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain, ¹²Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain, ¹³Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain, ¹⁴Hospital Universitario de Elda, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain, ¹⁵Hospital de La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain, ¹⁶Hospital Parc Tauli,, Sabadel, Spain, ¹⁷Division of Rheumatology. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Spain., Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, ¹⁸Hospital de Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Spain, ¹⁹Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Cantabria; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla; Research group on genetic epidemiology and atherosclerosis in systemic diseases and in metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain. Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, ²⁰Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
Background/Purpose: Positron emission tomography (PET) is one of the tools available for the diagnosis of extracranial large-vessel vasculitis (1-5). Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown efficacy in…
Abstract Number: 1566 • ACR Convergence 2022
Outcome of Vascular Involvement of Behçet Syndrome Treated with Infliximab: A Retrospective Cohort Study
gulen Hatemi¹, Nur Beyza Tukek², Sinem Nihal Esatoglu¹, Yesim Ozguler³, Sitki Safa Taflan², Melike Melikoglu¹, Serdal Ugurlu⁴, Izzet Fresko¹, Zekayi Kutlubay⁵, Sebahattin Yurdakul¹, Hasan Yazici⁶ and Vedat Hamuryudan⁷, ¹Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul, Turkey, ²Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey, ³Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York, NY, ⁴Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey, ⁵Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey, ⁶Letter to Editor Rheumatology, Istanbul, Turkey, ⁷Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul, Turkey
Background/Purpose: Vascular involvement is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Behçet syndrome (BS). We aimed to survey the efficacy and safety…
Abstract Number: 1676 • ACR Convergence 2022
Sarilumab in Patients with Relapsing Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial (SAPHYR)
Robert Spiera¹, Sebastian Unizony², Kenneth J. Warrington³, Jennifer Sloane Lazar⁴, Angeliki Giannelou⁵, Michael C Nivens⁶, Bolanle Akinlade⁵, Wanling Wong⁴, Yong Lin⁴, Frank Buttgereit⁷, Valerie Devauchelle⁸, Andrea Rubbert-Roth⁹ and Bhaskar Dasgupta¹⁰, ¹Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, ²Massachusetts General Hospital, Winchester, MA, ³Mayo Clinic, ROCHESTER, MN, ⁴Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, ⁵Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, ⁶Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, NY, ⁷Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin / DRFZ Berlin, Berlin, Germany, ⁸Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France, ⁹Division of Rheumatology, Cantonal Clinic St Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland, ¹⁰Anglia Ruskin University, East Anglia, United Kingdom
Background/Purpose: IL-6 is elevated in patients with active PMR and is associated with disease activity, relapse and severity. Clinical trials with IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) inhibitors…

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