Abstracts tagged "gender"

Abstract Number: 1062 • ACR Convergence 2025
Sex-related differences in clinical presentation and patient-reported burden in chronic back pain: Are these findings specific to axSpA? Results from the SHERPAS Cohort
Diego Benavent¹, Mar Tapia², Daniel Bernabeu², Victor Muley², Manuel Juárez³, Alejandro Balsa⁴, Chamaida Plasencia-Rodríguez⁴ and Victoria Navarro-Compan⁵, ¹Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Madrid, Spain, ²HU La Paz, Madrid, Spain, ³Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain, ⁴Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain, ⁵Department of Rheumatology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
Background/Purpose: Sex-related differences in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) have been described regarding clinical features, disease burden, and particularly patient-reported outcomes. These differences influence patient management, including…
Abstract Number: 1012 • ACR Convergence 2025
Racial and Gender Disparities in Gout Clinical Trials
Fizza Zulfiqar¹, Dania Kaur², Meaghan Bethea³, Taylor Spencer⁴, Samhitha Bitla⁵, Abhinav Vyas⁶ and Camelia Arsene⁷, ¹Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State University, Pontiac, MI, ²North Alabama Medical Center, Muscle Shoals, AL, ³Trinity Health Oakland Hopsital, Pontiac, MI, ⁴Trinity Health Oaklnd Hospital, Pontiac, MI, ⁵Trinity Health Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI, ⁶Vanderbilt University, Nashvile, TN, ⁷Trinity Health Oakland Hospital, Pontiac
Background/Purpose: To develop effective novel treatment strategies for Gout disease that cater to patients from diverse backgrounds, it is crucial that all racial groups, without…
Abstract Number: 0719 • ACR Convergence 2025
A Combined Transcriptomics and Proteomics Approach to Identify Immune Signatures in ANCA-Associated Glomerulonephritis
Ivana Stojkic¹, Arnon Arazi², Huijuan Song³, Pearlly Yan³, Estela Puchulu-Campanella³, Hubao Wang³, Lynn Fussner³, Brad Rovin⁴, Stacy Ardoin¹ and Salem Almaani³, ¹Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, ²The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, ³OSU, Columbus, OH, ⁴The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
Background/Purpose: ANCA-associated vasculitis frequently involves the kidneys causing glomerulonephritis (AAGN). Despite advances in treatment, many patients develop end-stage kidney disease. An improved understanding of the…
Abstract Number: 2357 • ACR Convergence 2025
Impact of Sonelokimab, a Novel IL-17A- and IL-17F-Inhibiting Nanobody, in Active Psoriatic Arthritis: Key Subgroup Analyses in the Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 ARGO Trial
Lihi Eder¹, Iain McInnes², Christopher Ritchlin³, Alexis Ogdie⁴, Arthur Kavanaugh⁵, Laura Coates⁶, Georg Schett⁷, Alan Kivitz⁸, Nuala Brennan⁹, Alex Godwood⁹, Matthew R. Thomas⁹, Eva Cullen⁹, Kristian Reich¹⁰, Joseph F Merola¹¹ and Philip J. Mease¹², ¹University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ²University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, ³University of Rochester Medical Center, Canandaigua, NY, ⁴University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, ⁵University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, ⁶Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom, ⁷Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany, Erlangen, Germany, ⁸Altoona Center for Clinical Research, Duncansville, PA, ⁹MoonLake Immunotherapeutics AG, Zug, Switzerland, ¹⁰MoonLake Immunotherapeutics AG and Translational Research in Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, Zug, Switzerland, ¹¹Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, ¹²Department of Rheumatology, Providence-Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Background/Purpose: PsA is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting heterogeneous tissues, with unmet need for therapies with robust efficacy across disease domains. Sonelokimab (SLK) is a…
Abstract Number: 0596 • ACR Convergence 2025
Effect of Gender and Follow-up Time in Damage Accrual: Data from a Latin America Lupus Cohort
Diana Fernandez¹, Rosana Quintana², Karen Roberts³, Romina Nieto², Marina Scolnik⁴, Carmen Funes Soaje⁵, CINTIA OTADUY⁶, Veronica Saurit⁷, Valeria Arturi⁸, GUILLERMO ARIEL BERBOTTO⁹, Maria Constanza Bertolaccini¹⁰, Mario Eduardo Kerzberg¹¹, Maria de los Angeles Gargiulo¹², Cecilia Pisoni¹³, Ana Carolina Ralle¹⁴, Joaquín Martinez Serventi¹⁵, Ana Silva¹⁶, ODIRLEI MONTICIELO¹⁷, Henrique Mariz¹⁸, Laíssa Cristina Alves Alvino¹⁹, Eduardo Borba²⁰, Emily Figueiredo Neves Yuki²¹, Edgard Torres dos Reis-Neto²², Iris Guerra Herrera²³, Milena Mimica²⁴, Gustavo Aroca-Martínez²⁵, Antonio Iglesias-Gamarra²⁶, Carlos Alberto Cañas²⁷, Gerardo Quintana-Lopez²⁸, Carlos Toro-Gutierrez²⁹, Mario Moreno Alvarez³⁰, Olga-Lidia Vera-Lastra³¹, Margarita Portela Hernández³², Hilda Fragoso-Loyo³³, Luis H Silveira³⁴, Yelitza Gonzalez Bello³⁵, Carlos Abud-Mendoza³⁶, Jorge Antonio Esquivel Valerio³⁷, Marcelo Barrios³⁸, Lourdes Carolina Vázquez³⁹, Magaly Alva Linares⁴⁰, Manuel Ugarte-Gil⁴¹, Armando Calvo⁴², Roberto Muñoz-Louis⁴³, Ana Carina Pizzarossa⁴⁴, Gonzalo Silveira⁴⁵, Federico Zazzetti⁴⁶, Ashley Orillion⁴⁷, Urbano Sbarigia⁴⁸ and Guillermo Pons-Estel², ¹Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas (GO-CREAR), Rosario, Argentina, Rosario, Argentina, ²Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas, GO-CREAR, Rosario, Argentina, Rosario, Argentina, ³Consultora externa de GLADEL, Rosario, Argentina, Rosario, Argentina, ⁴Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina, ⁵Hospital Italiano de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, Cordoba, Argentina, ⁶Servicio de Reumatología Hospital Córdoba y Sanatorio Allende, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, Córdoba, Argentina, ⁷Hospital Privado Universitario de Cordoba, Córdoba, Argentina, Córdoba, Argentina, ⁸Hospital San Martin de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina, La Plata, Argentina, ⁹Sanatorio Británico, Rosario, Argentina, ROSARIO, Argentina, ¹⁰Hospital Ángel C. Padilla, Tucumán, Argentina, Tucumán, Argentina, ¹¹Hospital J.M Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CABA, Argentina, ¹²Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina, ¹³CEMIC Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas ‘‘Norberto Quirno”, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Ciudad Autonoma Buenos Aires, Argentina, ¹⁴Hospital Señor del Milagro Salta, Salta, Argentina, Salta, Argentina, ¹⁵Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina, ¹⁶Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, Brazil, Goiania, Brazil, ¹⁷Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, PORTO ALEGRE, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, ¹⁸Universidad Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil, Pernambuco, Brazil, ¹⁹Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, ²⁰Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil, ²¹Faculdade de Medicina da USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, ²²Universidad Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil, ²³Hospital del Salvador Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile, ²⁴Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile, ²⁵Clínica de la Costa y Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia, barranquilla, Colombia, ²⁶Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia, ²⁷Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia, Cali, Colombia, ²⁸Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá; Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, ²⁹Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali, Cali, Colombia, Cali, Colombia, ³⁰Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador, ³¹División de Investigación en Salud, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, CMN La Raza, IMSS, CDMX, Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, ³²Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, ³³Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, ³⁴Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, ³⁵Centro de Estudios de Investigación Básica y Clínica, S.C., Guadalajara, Mexico, Guadalajara, Mexico, ³⁶Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí y Hospital Central "Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto", San Luis Potosí, Mexico, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, ³⁷Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, México., MONTERREY, Mexico, ³⁸Hospital de Clínicas II, Uruguay, Uruguay, Uruguay, ³⁹Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Nacional de Asunción-Paraguay, Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay, ⁴⁰HOSPITAL EDGARDO REBAGLIATI MARTINS, San Borja, Peru, ⁴¹Grupo Peruano de Estudio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru; Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru, Lima, Peru, ⁴²Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, Jesús María, Peru, ⁴³Hospital Docente Padre Billini, Santo Domingo, Distrito Nacional, Dominican Republic, ⁴⁴Clínica Médica C, Hospital de Clínicas, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay, ⁴⁵Facultad de Medicina - Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay, ⁴⁶Johnson & Johnson, Horsham, PA, USA, Ambler, PA, ⁴⁷Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, USA, Spring House, PA, ⁴⁸Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium

Background/Purpose: Previous studies have shown that male gender is an independent predictor of organ damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), particularly in the…
Abstract Number: 2356 • ACR Convergence 2025
Clinical Efficacy in Male and Female Patients With Active Psoriatic Arthritis Treated With Deucravacitinib: A Pooled Analysis of Pivotal Phase 3 Studies
Lihi Eder¹, Philip J. Mease², Joseph F Merola³, Alexis Ogdie⁴, Atul Deodhar⁵, Laura Coates⁶, Stefan Varga⁷, Navya Kalapala⁷, Ying-Ming Jou⁸, Eleni Vritzali⁹ and Laure Gossec¹⁰, ¹University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ²Department of Rheumatology, Providence-Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, ³Department of Dermatology and Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, ⁴Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Wilmington, DE, ⁵Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, ⁶Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom, ⁷Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, ⁸Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, ⁹Bristol Myers Squibb, Boudry, Switzerland, ¹⁰Sorbonne Universite and Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
Background/Purpose: PsA affects male and female patients equally; however, variations in clinical manifestations and treatment responses between sexes have been reported. Deucravacitinib is an oral,…
Abstract Number: 0589 • ACR Convergence 2025
Comparing Efficacy of Upadacitinib in Male and Female Patients with axSpA: Results from the SELECT-AXIS 1 and 2 Trials
Sofia Ramiro¹, Anna Molto², Elena Nikiphorou³, Marcelo Pinheiro⁴, Jamie Urbanik⁵, Tianming Gao⁶, Shirley Chen⁷, Jayne Stigler⁸, Jessica A. Walsh⁹ and Lihi Eder¹⁰, ¹Leiden University Medical Center, Bunde, Netherlands, ²Assistance Publique Hôpitauxde Paris, Paris, France, ³King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁴UNIFESP/ EPM, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, ⁵AbbVie, Grayslake, IL, ⁶AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, ⁷AbbVie, Somerset, NJ, ⁸AbbVie, Round Lake, IL, ⁹Division of Rheumatology, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Health and University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, ¹⁰University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Background/Purpose: Evidence suggests that the treatment effectiveness of TNFis and IL-17is is higher in male (M) vs female (F) patients (pts) with axSpA.1,2 Data comparing…
Abstract Number: 2322 • ACR Convergence 2025
Gender-related Differences in Peripheral and Axial Spondyloarthritis
Mehmet Tuncay Duruöz¹, Halise Hande Gezer¹, İlknur Aktaş², Servet Akar³, Nilay Şahin⁴, Özgür Akgül⁵, Sami Hizmetli⁶, Meltem Alkan Melikoğlu⁷, Umut Kalyoncu⁸, Erhan Çapkın⁹, fatma Gülçin Ural¹⁰, Figen Yılmaz¹¹, Sebnem ATAMAN¹² and İlhan Sezer¹³, ¹Marmara University Medical School PMR Department, Rheumatology Division, Istanbul, Turkey, ²Istanbul Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, PMR, Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey, ³Department of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey, ⁴Balikesir University School of Medicine, PMR, Turkey, Balıkesir, Turkey, ⁵Manisa Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Rheumatology, Turkey, Manisa, Turkey, ⁶Sivas Cumhuriyet University School of Medine, Rheumatology, Turkey, Sivas, Turkey, ⁷Erzurum Atatürk University School of Medicine, Rheumatology, Turkey, Erzurum, Turkey, ⁸Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, Ankara, Turkey, ⁹Karadeniz Teknik University School of Medicine, PMR, Turkey, Trabzon, Turkey, ¹⁰Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University School of Medicine, PMR, Turkey, Ankara, Turkey, ¹¹Istanbul Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, PMR, Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey, ¹²Ankara University School of Medicine, Rheumatology, Turkey, Ankara, Turkey, ¹³Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Rheumatology, Turkey, Antalya, Turkey
Background/Purpose: This study sought to compare clinical characteristics between female and male patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) in a Turkish population.Methods: This study included 489 peripheral…
Abstract Number: 0557 • ACR Convergence 2025
Efficacy of Upadacitinib in Male and Female Patients with PsA: Results from the SELECT-PsA 1 and 2 Trials
Lihi Eder¹, Axel Hueber², Lucia Novelli³, Tianming Gao³, Jayne Stigler⁴, Zhiyuan Du³, Rodrigo García Salinas⁵, Grace Wright⁶ and Sofia Ramiro⁷, ¹University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ²Klinikum Nuernberg, Nuernberg, Germany, ³AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, ⁴AbbVie, Round Lake, IL, ⁵Hospital Italiano La Plata, La Plata, Argentina, ⁶Grace C Wright MD PC, New York, NY, ⁷Leiden University Medical Center, Bunde, Netherlands
Background/Purpose: Biologic sex can impact both clinical phenotype and therapeutic response in PsA.1–3 Previous studies have suggested that male patients (pts) may achieve better treatment…
Abstract Number: 2264 • ACR Convergence 2025
Male Sex and Obesity Are Risk Factors for Sarcopenia in RA: Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2008–2011
Yoon-Jeong Oh¹, Jin-Wuk Hur² and Chang-Nam Son³, ¹Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea, ²Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, ³UIJEONGBU EULJI MEDICAL CENTER, EULJI UNIVERSITY, UIJEONGBU, Republic of Korea
Background/Purpose: Sarcopenia is a medical condition characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function. It is primarily associated with aging, but…
Abstract Number: 0873 • ACR Convergence 2025
Sex Differences in Proteomic Profiles and the Impact of Deucravacitinib Treatment in Patients with Active Psoriatic Arthritis: A Pooled Phase 3 Analysis
Lihi Eder¹, Shangzhong Li², Philip J. Mease³, Christopher Ritchlin⁴, Walter P Maksymowych⁵, Hendrik Schulze-Koops⁶, Josef Smolen⁷, Oliver FitzGerald⁸, Vinod Chandran⁹, Chun Wu¹⁰ and Jinqi Liu², ¹University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ²Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, ³Department of Rheumatology, Providence-Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, ⁴University of Rochester Medical Center, Canandaigua, NY, ⁵Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, ⁶LMU Hospital, Division for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Munich, Bayern, Germany, ⁷Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine ³, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, Vienna, Austria, ⁸UCD, Dublin ⁶, Dublin, Ireland, ⁹Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, and Gladman Krembil Psoriatic Arthritis Research Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada, ¹⁰Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton
Background/Purpose: PsA affects male and female patients equally; however, variations in manifestations and treatment response exist between sexes. Deucravacitinib is an oral, selective, allosteric tyrosine…
Abstract Number: 2196 • ACR Convergence 2025
Recognition and Treatment of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Case Series
Jenny Solomon¹, Julie Piccione¹, Julie Nusbaum², Steven Carsons³ and Gregg Blumberg¹, ¹NYU Langone Long Island, Mineola, ²NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, ³NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
Background/Purpose: Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign inflammatory condition of the breast usually affecting women of childbearing age with a history of breastfeeding.…
Abstract Number: 0841 • ACR Convergence 2025
Comparing the Impact of GLP-1 Agonists and SGLT-2 Inhibitors on Outcomes in Lupus Nephritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Kinga Grzybowski¹ and Irene Tan², ¹Jefferson Einstein Montgomery Hospital, Maspeth, NY, ²Einstein Healthcare Network Philadelphia - Jefferson Health, Bala Cynwyd, PA
Background/Purpose: Lupus Nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) characterized by an attack of the kidneys by the…
Abstract Number: 0578 • ACR Convergence 2024
Gender Differences in Disease Parameters, Adherence to Treat to Target Strategy and Outcomes in Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in Pakistani Cohort
Muhammad Saeed¹, HIna Ahmed² and Aziza Ahmed³, and Arthritis Carte Foundation Faculty, ¹Central Park Medical College, Arthritis Care Foundation, Lahore, Pakistan, ²Central Park Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan, ³Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
Background/Purpose: In patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) there has been wide variability in terms of gender regarding disease characteristics as well as outcomes across different…
Abstract Number: 1708 • ACR Convergence 2024
Unveiling the Uterine-Joint Axis: Dysbiosis and Subclinical Uterine Inflammation in Female Axial Spondyloarthritis Pathogenesis
Daniele Mauro¹, Matteo Vecellio², Anne-Sophie Bergot³, Eva Schmid⁴, Giulio Forte⁵, Alessia Stingo⁶, Alessia Salzillo⁵, Aldo Pastore⁷, Paolo Aretini⁷, Francesca Di Lorenzo⁷, Antonio ciancio⁵, Ilenia Pantano⁵, Gabriele Saccone⁸, Fulvio Zullo⁹, carlo Maurizio Montecucco¹⁰, Aroldo Rizzo¹¹, Georg Schett¹², Ranjeny Thomas¹³, Mario Zaiss¹⁴ and Francesco Ciccia¹⁵, ¹University of Campania, Italy, Naples, Naples, Italy, ²Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, Pisa, Italy, ³Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, ⁴Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Rheumatology and Immunology, Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, ⁵University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy, ⁶University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Nasples, Italy, ⁷Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, Giuliano Terme, Italy, ⁸University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy, ⁹University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy, ¹⁰Unit of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, ¹¹Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello,, Palermo, Italy, ¹²Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany, ¹³University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, ¹⁴Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universittsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; 2 Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany, ¹⁵Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
Background/Purpose: Numerous studies exploring gender differences in axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) have noted that women exhibit distinct disease manifestations. Yet, a definitive pathophysiological distinction of these diverse…

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