Session Information
Session Title: Imaging of Rheumatic Diseases: Various Imaging Techniques
Session Type: Abstract Submissions (ACR)
Background/Purpose
The objective detection and quantification of disease activity in its earliest pathophysiological stage is critical for achieving optimal therapy results. Fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) is a novel imaging modality for the hands & wrists, and automated quantification of the ensuing images using DACT (Disease ACTivity)-FOI as a novel algorithm representing activity. This study was designed to determine the utility of FOI as a diagnostic tool, and whether it could be used in lieu of color/power Doppler ultrasound (US) to quantify and ascertain apparent & non-apparent active synovitis
Methods
A total of 872 hand/wrist joints in 26 patients (18 female, 8 male, average age 51.5 years) with various rheumatic diseases (RA: 12, JIA, SLE, DM, FM, PsA & polyarthritis 1-2 each) were examined by standard clinical assessment, US and DACT-FOI. Joints swollen & tender or swollen only were considered clinically inflamed. Active synovitis was defined as having synovial thickening & Doppler activity on US. Joints positive by FOI displayed abnormal focal optical intensities by visual inspection. Silent synovitis was defined as showing synovitis by US but not clinically. The DACT value was digitally quantified per patient by an automated computer-based algorithm of the composite image (240 frames). After clinical, US and FOI positive joints for each hand were calculated, the sensitivity, specificity & kappa statistics computed & compared with the mean DACT values for all patients
Results
Out of 872 joints, 242 (16%) were inflamed clinically, 241 (28%) by US, and 229 (26%) by FOI. There was moderate agreement for synovitis detection between clinical examination & US (kappa 0.524 ± 0.033; 95% CI: 0.459 – 0.589) and between clinical examination & FOI (kappa 0.450 ± 0.035; 95% CI: 0.381 – 0.519). Of the 241 inflamed joints by US, 196 (81%) were also inflamed by FOI, while only 119 (49%) were inflamed clinically. Agreement between US and FOI in synovitis detection was good (kappa 0.773 ± 0.024; 95% CI: 0.725 – 0.821). Depending on the gold standard used to define inflammation, FOI was 73-83% sensitive and 86-95% specific for detecting synovitis.
Out of 730 non-inflamed joints by clinical examination, 608 (83%) were non-inflamed by US and 605 (83%) were non-inflamed by FOI. Of these clinically non-inflamed joints, 122 (17%) were inflamed by US. For detecting silent synovitis, FOI was 80% (98/122) sensitive and 96% (581/608) specific.
The number (mean ±SD) of active joints detected by clinical, US and FOI was 5.4 ±7.6; 9.4 ±9.8; and 9.3 ±9.7 respectively, and the overall automated disease activity DACT-FOI was 4.3 ±2.1. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.556; p=0.003) between the clinical detection of synovitis & DACT-FOI. The mean DACT values also correlated significantly with US (r = 0.479; p=0.013) and semi-quantitative FOI (r = 0.515; p=0.007)
Conclusion
FOI and the automated analysis DACT-FOI were technically feasible with high reproducibility and agreement with clinical scoring & US. For detecting synovitis semi-quantitatively, FOI had a lower sensitivity but similar specificity compared to US. FOI may be particularly useful in identifying patients with clinically non-apparent hand/wrist inflammation (silent synovitis)
Disclosure:
Y. Kisten,
None;
N. Györi,
None;
H. Rezaei,
None;
A. Levitsky,
None;
A. Karlsson,
None;
E. af Klint,
None;
R. van Vollenhoven,
None.
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ACR Meeting Abstracts - https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/the-utility-of-digital-activity-fluorescence-optical-imaging-in-quantifying-hand-and-wrist-inflammation-in-rheumatic-diseases/