Long-term Follow-Up of Participants of the Phase II Study That Evaluated Subcutaneous Abatacept vs. Placebo in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis (ASSET Trial)

Nadine Sarsam¹, Sindhu R. Johnson², Lorinda Chung³, Suzanne Kafaja⁴, Janet Pope⁵, Robyn Domsic⁶, Maureen Mayes⁷, Nora Sandorfi⁸, Virginia Steen⁹, Flavia Castelino¹⁰, Faye Hant¹¹, Suiyuan Huang¹ and Dinesh Khanna¹², ¹University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, ²Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western and Mount Sinai Hospitals; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ³Stanford University, Stanford, CA, ⁴UCLA Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Los Angeles, CA, ⁵University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, ⁶University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, ⁷Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, ⁸University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, ⁹Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, ¹⁰Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, ¹¹Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, ¹²Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Scleroderma Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Meeting: ACR Convergence 2022

Keywords: clinical trial, Systemic sclerosis

Session Information

Date: Sunday, November 13, 2022

Title: Systemic Sclerosis and Related Disorders – Clinical Poster II

Session Type: Poster Session C

Session Time: 1:00PM-3:00PM

Background/Purpose: Abatacept (ABA) is a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 immunoglobulin fusion protein which has been shown to induce regression of dermal fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We previously conducted a 12-month double-blind phase II trial with either ABA or placebo¹ followed by a 6-month open-label extension (OLE) with ABA². This ongoing long term follow up study (LTFU) assessed longer term outcomes, including safety and efficacy of the use of weekly 125 mg subcutaneous ABA in dcSSc, with insights into trends in skin score, functional limitations, and internal organ involvement.

Methods: The current study is ongoing at 11 US and Canadian sites. Inclusion criteria included any participants from the ASSET trial who had participated in the OLE. Each participant signed a new IRB approved consent form. Participants were not required to be on ABA and could be on other immunosuppressive therapies, including investigational agents. The study included two collection time points per year. The outcomes included safety of ABA and change in mRSS (ΔmRSS), ΔHAQ-DI, Δ patient and physician global assessments, and ΔFVC% from the last available assessment in OLE. Mean and standard deviation were reported for efficacy data, and T-test was performed for the difference between ABA and non ABA groups during the LTFU.

Results: 48 patients consented in the ASSET LTFU (16 continued on ABA and 32 on other medications). 44 (92%) participants are continuing in the LTFU. Median time on ABA since the start of LTFU is 1434 days. At baseline of the LTFU study, the mean age was 56 years, 85% were female, 90% were white, mean mRSS was 14.8, mean FVC% was 88.2%, and mean HAQ-DI was 0.9. 6 (37.5%) of the ABA group vs 14 (44%) of the non ABA group were also on mycophenolate mofetil or sodium; 2 (12.5%) of the ABA group vs 5 (15.6%) of the non ABA group were on an investigational drug and 7 (43.8%) of the ABA group vs 11 (34.4%) of the non ABA group were on prednisone, with a mean dose of 9.4 mg vs 5.6 mg, respectively. 2 patients on ABA developed serious adverse events (AEs) (new onset pulmonary hypertension and pneumoperitoneum), and 15 AEs of special interest occurred in 6 patients (Table 1). There were 4 deaths during the LTFU – all 4 were in the nonABA group — 1 due to scleroderma renal crisis and 3 due to infections (1 acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19, 1 aspiration pneumonia leading to multi-organ failure, and 1 not specified). 2 (12.5%) patients on ABA vs 6 (18.8%) not on ABA had new or worsening organ involvement or required stem cell transplant (Table 2). The change in the efficacy endpoints from the end of the OLE are shown in Table 3. The lung function improved in the ABA group (mean [SD] FVC% increase of 3.5 [12.7]) while there was a decline in mean FVC% in the non ABA group (-3.9 [12.6]), p=0.07.

Conclusion: In patients with dcSSc, ABA continues to be well tolerated. There are expected AEs including infections and non-melanoma cancers. Patients in the LTFU continue to show improvement in their mRSS and HAQ-DI. The FVC changes in those on ABA vs non ABA may be clinically relevant but further analysis are needed regarding the effect of concomitant immunosuppressive therapies.

Table 1: Serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest from patients on abatacept

Table 2: Organ involvement during ASSET LTFU

Table 3: Change in the endpoints in participants who were on abatacept and participants who were not on abatacept during the ASSET LTFU

Disclosures: N. Sarsam, None; S. Johnson, None; L. Chung, Kyverna, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Eicos, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Jasper, Genentech; S. Kafaja, None; J. Pope, AbbVie/Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb(BMS), Eli Lilly, merk, Roche, Seattle Genetics, UCB, Actelion, Amgen, Bayer, Eicos Sciences, Emerald, Gilead, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sandoz, Sanofi, Boehringer Ingelheim; R. Domsic, None; M. Mayes, Actelion Pharma, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Boehringer Ingelheim, EICOS, Horizon Pharma, Prometheus, Corbus, Medtelligence; N. Sandorfi, None; V. Steen, None; F. Castelino, Boehringer-Ingelheim; F. Hant, None; S. Huang, None; D. Khanna, Boehringer Ingelheim, Genentech, Prometheus, Horizon, Chemomab, Talaris, Gesynta, Amgen, Acceleron, Actelion, Bayer, CSL Behring, Paracrine Cell Therapy, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Theraly, Eicos Sciences.

To cite this abstract in AMA style:

Sarsam N, Johnson S, Chung L, Kafaja S, Pope J, Domsic R, Mayes M, Sandorfi N, Steen V, Castelino F, Hant F, Huang S, Khanna D. Long-term Follow-Up of Participants of the Phase II Study That Evaluated Subcutaneous Abatacept vs. Placebo in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis (ASSET Trial) [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022; 74 (suppl 9). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/long-term-follow-up-of-participants-of-the-phase-ii-study-that-evaluated-subcutaneous-abatacept-vs-placebo-in-diffuse-cutaneous-systemic-sclerosis-asset-trial/. Accessed .

ACR Meeting Abstracts - https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/long-term-follow-up-of-participants-of-the-phase-ii-study-that-evaluated-subcutaneous-abatacept-vs-placebo-in-diffuse-cutaneous-systemic-sclerosis-asset-trial/