Abstracts tagged "Systemic sclerosis"

Abstract Number: 2480 • ACR Convergence 2025
Respiratory Muscle Weakness in a Systemic Sclerosis Cohort
Fabian Mendoza¹, Wendy Perdomo², Timothy Wilson¹ and Sergio Jimenez¹, ¹Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, ²Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
Background/Purpose: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disorder marked by vascular damage, immune dysregulation, and fibrosis. Lung involvement, particularly interstitial lung disease (ILD), carries…
Abstract Number: 1867 • ACR Convergence 2025
Deciphering the Molecular Landscape of the Small Intestine in Early and Late SSc Using High-Definition Spatial Transcriptomics
Laura Much¹, Elena Pachera², Havard Fretheim³, Knut EA Lundin⁴, Lumeng Li⁵, Astrid Hofman⁶, Pietro Bearzi⁵, Philip Stauffer¹, Michael Scharl⁷, Oyvind Molberg⁸, Oliver Distler⁹ and Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold³, ¹Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ²University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ³Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, ⁴Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, ⁵Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, the LOOP Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland, ⁶Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, the LOOP Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁷Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁸Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Nepal, ⁹Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland, Zurich, Switzerland
Background/Purpose: SSc frequently results in serious gastrointestinal (GI) complications that contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. Understanding the molecular changes across different disease stages is…
Abstract Number: 1580 • ACR Convergence 2025
Lung vasculature quantification on computed tomography predicts new onset of interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis
Maria Iacovantuono¹, Nicholas landini², lisa Jungblut³, Gesa Sauer⁴, Rucsandra Dobrota⁵, Sinziana Muraru⁶, Muriel Elhai⁷, Carina Mihai⁸, Mike Becker⁹, Maria Sole Chimenti¹⁰, Thomas Frauenfelder³, Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold¹¹, Oliver Distler¹² and Cosimo Bruni¹³, ¹Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy. Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Spinete, Italy, ²Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, "Sapienza" University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy. Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Rueil Malmaison, France, ³Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, zurich, Switzerland, ⁴Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, zurich, Switzerland, ⁵Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, the LOOP Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁶University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland, ⁷University Hospital zurich, Zürich, Switzerland, ⁸University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁹Dept. of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland, ¹⁰Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy, Roma, Italy, ¹¹Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, ¹²Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland, Zurich, Switzerland, ¹³Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Background/Purpose: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is highly prevalent in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and a leading cause of mortality. Recent studies have identified clinical risk factors…
Abstract Number: 1199 • ACR Convergence 2025
Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (SARDs): Radiologic and Histologic Correlations
Darya S. Jalaledin¹, Aidan pye², Angela Chang², Navid Saleh², Saud AlHajeri³, Beatrice Daviault⁴, Arusa Shah⁵, Sabrina Hoa⁶, Océane Landon-Cardinal⁷, Alec Yu², Robert Levy⁸, Jennifer Wilson⁹, Charles Poirier⁴, James Choi², John Yee², Hyein Kim² and Kun Huang¹⁰, ¹Université de Montréal, Saint-Lambert, QC, Canada, ²University of British Columbia, VANCOUVER, BC, Canada, ³University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, ⁴University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁵University of Montreal, Montreal, BC, Canada, ⁶University of Montreal, Brossard, QC, Canada, ⁷Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, ⁸University of British Columbia, Deerfield, IL, ⁹UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada, ¹⁰University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Surrey, BC, Canada
Background/Purpose: Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) are a major cause of interstitial lung disease (ILD), with high prevalence in inflammatory idiopathic myopathy (IIM), systemic sclerosis…
Abstract Number: 0967 • ACR Convergence 2025
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals a Prominent Pro-Inflammatory Gene Signature of Dermal Fibroblasts in Pre-Stages of SSc
Lumeng Li¹, Elena Pachera², Rucsandra Dobrota³, Sinziana Muraru⁴, Kristina Bürki³, Carina Mihai⁵, Muriel Elhai⁶, Laura Much⁷, Astrid Hofman³, Pietro Bearzi¹, Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold⁸ and Oliver Distler⁹, ¹Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, the LOOP Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland, ²University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ³Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, the LOOP Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁴University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland, ⁵University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁶University Hospital zurich, Zürich, Switzerland, ⁷Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁸Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, ⁹Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland, Zurich, Switzerland
Background/Purpose: The poor prognosis of SSc patients demands an urgent need to prevent disease onset. Recently, we reported a global pro-inflammatory gene signature of dermal…
Abstract Number: 0696 • ACR Convergence 2025
Impact of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation on Cardiac Performance in Systemic Sclerosis
Jeska de Vries-Bouwstra¹, Jingjing He², Xu Wang², Saad Ahmed², Jeroen J. Bax² and Nina Ajmone Marsan², ¹Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, ²LUMC, Leiden, Netherlands
Background/Purpose: Myocardial involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) represents a severe complication with a poor prognosis; however, compromised cardiac function also heightens the risk of life-threatening…
Abstract Number: 0673 • ACR Convergence 2025
Association Between Vasoactive-Vasodilating Therapy and Reduced Detection of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Systemic Sclerosis: Evidence From a EUSTAR Study
Nicola Farina¹, Silvia Bellando-Randone², SEBASTIEN SANGES³, hilde Bjørkekjær⁴, lorenzo tofani⁵, Marie-Elise Truchetet⁶, Vanessa Smith⁷, Andra Balanescu⁸, Christina Bergmann⁹, Yannick Allanore¹⁰, Philipp Klemm¹¹, simona Truglia¹², Luca Idolazzi¹³, Christopher Denton¹⁴, Roberta Foti¹⁵, anna Wojteczek¹⁶, Emmanuel Chatelus¹⁷, Madelon Vonk¹⁸, Serena Guiducci¹⁹, David Launay²⁰, Eric Hachulla²¹, Jeska de Vries-Bouwstra²², Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold²³, Marco Matucci-Cerinic²⁴, Oliver Distler²⁵ and Cosimo Bruni²⁶, ¹Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Scleroderma Unit, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy. Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy, Milan, Italy, ²University of Florence, Florence, Florence, Italy, ³Medecine Interne CHRU Lille, Lille, France, ⁴Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand, Norway, olso, Norway, ⁵Department of Statistics, Informatics and Applications, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, firenze, Italy, ⁶Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France, ⁷Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium, ⁸UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY CAROL DAVILA, Bucharest, Romania, ⁹Department of Medicine ³ - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, ¹⁰Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, ¹¹Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Center, JLU Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Bad Nauheim, Germany, Bad Nauheim, Germany, ¹²Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy, rome, Italy, ¹³Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy, verona, Italy, ¹⁴University College London, UK, London, United Kingdom, ¹⁵Division of Rheumatology, A.O.U. Policlinico-San Marco, Catania, Italy, Catania, Italy, ¹⁶Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland, Gdańsk, Poland, ¹⁷Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France, ¹⁸Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands, ¹⁹Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Scleroderma Unit, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy, Pistoia, Italy, ²⁰Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Reference Center for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory diseases (CERAINOM), U¹²⁸⁶ - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France. National Reference Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (Pulmotension), Lille, France, Lille Cedex, France, ²¹University of Lille, LILLE, France, ²²Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, ²³Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, ²⁴University San Raffaele Milano, Milano, Milan, Italy, ²⁵Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland, Zurich, Switzerland, ²⁶University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Background/Purpose: Vasoactive-vasodilating drugs (VVD) are the cornerstone of the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a form of precapillary pulmonary hypertension (pPH) that represents a…
Abstract Number: 0807 • ACR Convergence 2025
Deciphering Synovitis in Systemic Sclerosis
Celina Geiss¹, Miranda Houtman¹, Camino Calvo Cebrian¹, Raphael Micheroli², Melpomeni Toitou¹, Yannis Djeffal³, Alexandra Khmelevskaya¹, Mojca Frank-Bertoncelj¹, Sam Edalat¹, Thomas Rauer⁴, Kristina Bürki⁵, Chantal Pauli⁶, Michael Bonelli⁷, Thomas Karonitsch⁸, Oliver Distler⁹, Caroline Ospelt¹ and Muriel Elhai¹⁰, ¹Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ²University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ³INSERM, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, Paris, France, ⁴³Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁵Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, the LOOP Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁶Institute for Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁷Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Wien, Austria, ⁸Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ⁹Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland, Zurich, Switzerland, ¹⁰University Hospital zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
Background/Purpose: Synovitis is a common manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc), driving disability and predicting disease progression and mortality. Current immunosuppressive strategies, largely extrapolated from rheumatoid…
Abstract Number: 2502 • ACR Convergence 2025
Deciphering Systemic Sclerosis Phenotypes: A Novel Approach Using Clustering Algorithms and Proteomic Insights. Results from the PRECISESADS Study
Santiago Dans Caballero¹, Rafaela Ortega-Castro², Chary López pedrera³, Alejandro Escudero⁴, Beatriz Vellón-García⁵, Carlos Pérez Sánchez⁶ and Clementina López Medina⁷, ¹Reina Sofia University Hospital, Lebrija, Andalucia, Spain, ²Rheumatology service/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain, Cordoba, Andalucia, Spain, ³Rheumatology service/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain, Cordoba, Spain, ⁴Rheumatology service/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain, Córdoba, Andalucia, Spain, ⁵Rheumatology Service/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/ Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain/Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain, Cordoba, Spain, ⁶Rheumatology service/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain/ CobiomicBioscience S.l, Cordoba, Spain, Cordoba, Spain, ⁷Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, University of Cordoba, IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
Background/Purpose: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by multiorgan involvement, substantial morbidity, and high mortality. Traditional classification systems (based…
Abstract Number: 2477 • ACR Convergence 2025
Current treatment Strategies in Systemic Sclerosis- Interstitial Lung Disease Patients: Real-World Insights from the EUSTAR Cohort (CP138)
Corrado Campochiaro¹, Marie-Elise Truchetet², Madelon Vonk³, Giacomo De Luca⁴, Giovanna Cuomo⁵, Lidia P Ananieva⁶, Eric Hachulla⁷, Vanessa Smith⁸, Ana Maria Gheorghiu⁹, Radim Bečvář¹⁰, Patricia E. Carreira¹¹, Nicolas Hunzelmann¹², Daniel Furst¹³, Vera Ortiz-Santamaria¹⁴, Francesco Del Galdo¹⁵, Marco Matucci-Cerinic¹⁶ and Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold¹⁷, ¹IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Milan, Italy, ²Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France, ³Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands, ⁴Vita-Salute San Raffaele University & IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy, ⁵Department of Precision Medicine, University Hospital Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy, Naples, Italy, ⁶A Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, ⁷University of Lille, LILLE, France, ⁸Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium, ⁹Spitalul Clinic Dr. Ion Cantacuzino, Bucharest, Romania, ¹⁰Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University,, Prague, Czech Republic, ¹¹Hospital Universitario ¹² de Octubre, Madrid, Spain, ¹²Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany, ¹³Southern California Scleroderma and Rheumatology Center, Los Angeles, CA, ¹⁴HOSP. GENERAL DE GRANOLLERS, Barcelona, Spain, ¹⁵University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, ¹⁶University San Raffaele Milano, Milano, Milan, Italy, ¹⁷Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Background/Purpose: The therapeutic landscape for systemic sclerosis- interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) has rapidly evolved over the past decade, with increasing adoption of immunosuppressive (IST) and…
Abstract Number: 1866 • ACR Convergence 2025
Elucidating gastric pathology in systemic sclerosis using single-cell RNA sequencing
kristina clark¹, Moustafa Attar², Matthias Friedrich³, Charles Murray⁴, Alexander Clarke² and Christopher Denton⁵, ¹Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, London, United Kingdom, ²Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, ³Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, ⁴Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom, ⁵University College London, UK, London, United Kingdom
Background/Purpose: Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) affects over 90% of patients and represents a large clinical burden and unmet need. Unlike the skin…
Abstract Number: 1577 • ACR Convergence 2025
Intravenous cyclophosphamide in the treatment of progressive interstitial lung diseases associated with systemic sclerosis: a prospective randomized trial versus placebo (SCLEROCYC).
Luc Mouthon¹, David Launay², Sylvie leroy³, Christian AGARD⁴, Yannick Allanore⁵, Alice berezne¹, Emmanuel Bergot⁶, Boris Bienvenu⁷, Benjamin Chaigne¹, Pascal Cohen⁸, Bruno Crestani⁹, Anca Corondan¹⁰, bertrand Dunogue¹, Christian Lavigne¹¹, Jonathan London¹², Jean-Marc Naccache¹⁰, Gabriel Baron¹³, Alexis REGENT¹⁴, Benjamin Terrier¹⁵, Zahir AMOURA¹⁶, Charles Marquette¹⁰ and Philippe Ravaud¹³, ¹Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Cochin University Hospital, Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Paris, France, ²Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Reference Center for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory diseases (CERAINOM), U¹²⁸⁶ - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France. National Reference Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (Pulmotension), Lille, France, Lille Cedex, France, ³AP HP, Paris, France, ⁴Internal medicine, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France, ⁵Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, ⁶CHU, Caen, France, ⁷Saint Joseph Hospital, Marseille, France, ⁸Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Cochin, Paris, France, ⁹CHU, Paris, France, ¹⁰NA, Paris, France, ¹¹CHU, Angers, France, ¹²Hôpital Croix-Saint-Simon, Paris, France, ¹³Hôtel-Dieu, Université Paris Cité,, Paris, France, ¹⁴Hopital Cochin, Paris, France, ¹⁵Cochin Hospital, Paris, France, ¹⁶APHP, Paris, France
Background/Purpose: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Randomized controlled trials favoured the use of cyclophosphamide…
Abstract Number: 1194 • ACR Convergence 2025
Risk of Calcinosis with Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in Adult Dermatomyositis and Systemic Sclerosis
Antonia Valenzuela¹, Nicolás González², José Rojas³, Martin Fuentes³, Srijana Davuluri⁴, Brian Lee⁵, David Fiorentino⁶ and Lorinda Chung⁴, ¹Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, ²Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile, ³Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile, ⁴Stanford University, Stanford, CA, ⁵Stanford University, Stanford, ⁶Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
Background/Purpose: Calcinosis is a painful, debilitating manifestation in connective tissue diseases. Recent findings suggest a link between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and calcinosis in…
Abstract Number: 0963 • ACR Convergence 2025
Increased expression of M2 pro-fibrotic markers in circulating monocytes and cultured monocyte-derived macrophages from systemic sclerosis patients with progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD)
Vanessa Smith¹, Stefano Soldano², Rosanna Campitiello³, Emanuele Gotelli³, Paola Montagna⁴, Tamara Vojinovic⁴, Sabrina Paolino², Carmen Pizzorni², Alberto Sulli² and Maurizio Cutolo⁵, ¹Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium, ²University of Genoa, Genova, Italy, ³University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy, ⁴University of Genoa, Genova, ⁵University of Genova, Genova, Italy
Background/Purpose: In the complex pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), macrophages are mainly involved in mechanism of progressive tissue fibrosis of skin and internal organs, particularly…
Abstract Number: 0693 • ACR Convergence 2025
Impact of X Chromosome Dosage on the Development of Diffuse and Limited Systemic Sclerosis in Klinefelter, Triple X, and Turner Syndromes: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Hanieh Akbari¹, Anna-Kay Palmer² and Irene Tan³, ¹Jefferson Einstein Montgomery Medical Center, Norristown, PA, ²Jefferson Einstein Philadelphia Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, ³Einstein Healthcare Network Philadelphia - Jefferson Health, Bala Cynwyd, PA
Background/Purpose: Diffuse and limited systemic sclerosis (SSc) are autoimmune connective tissue diseases with a strong female predominance, suggesting a potential role for X chromosome dosage…

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