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Abstract Number: 1074

The Risk of Obstetric Complications and the Effects of Treatment in Women with Low Titer and Medium-High Titer Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies

Cecilia B. Chighizola1, Maria Gabriella Raimondo2, Chiara Comerio3, Francesca Pregnolato4, Cristina Sobrino5, Laura Trespidi6, Barbara Acaia6, Maria Gerosa7, Wally Ossola6 and Pier Luigi Meroni8, 1Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy, 2University of Milan, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy, 3University of Milan, Milan, Italy, 4IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy, 5Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy, 6Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fondazione Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy, 7University of Milan, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milano, Italy, 8Rheumatology Department, University of Milan, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milano, Italy

Meeting: 2016 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting

Date of first publication: September 28, 2016

Keywords: antiphospholipid antibodies and antiphospholipid syndrome

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Session Information

Date: Monday, November 14, 2016

Session Title: Antiphospholipid Syndrome - Poster I

Session Type: ACR Poster Session B

Session Time: 9:00AM-11:00AM

Background/Purpose: The association of low titer anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) with obstetric anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is increasingly acknowledged, even though some studies have showed conflicting results. To raise further evidence on the relevance of low titer aPL in pregnancy morbidity (PM), we retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of pregnant women attending a joint obstetric/rheumatology clinic over the years 2009-2016.

Methods: Patients were included when positive in at least one criteria aPL assay, at any titer, in two occasions minimum 12 weeks apart. Statistical analysis was performed using R package.

Results:  111 women (338 pregnancies) were identified. 51 women displayed low-titer aPL, with 160 pregnancies. 60 patients carried aPL at medium-high titers, with 178 pregnancies. 4 patients (4%) had thrombotic APS, 27 (24%) obstetric APS, 7 (6%) thrombotic and obstetric APS, 15 (14%) medium-high titer aPL and non criteria PM, 7 (6%) medium-high titer aPL and no PM, 18 (16%) low titer aPL and non criteria PM and 15 (14%) low titer aPL and no PM. Low-titer aPL were significantly associated with pregnancy complications (c2=8.82, p=0.003). Considering 245 untreated pregnancies, a significant difference in PM distribution was noted for low titer and medium-high titer aPL (p=0.003, Table 1). Among patients with low titer aPL, treatment with low molecular weight heparin [LMWH] + low-dose aspirin [LDASA] significantly improved pregnancy outcomes (p<<0.001, odds ratio [OR]=0.07, 95% CI=0.007–0.300), leading to a 14.3-fold reduction of obstetric complications. Hydroxychloroquine [HCQ]  was not associated with a significant improvement in live birth rate (p=0.079). Among women with medium-high titer aPL, the standard therapeutic approach with LMWH+LDASA resulted in a significant improvement of obstetric outcome (p<<0.001, OR=0.20, 95% CI=0.100–0.400). HCQ treatment significantly improved obstetric outcome, carrying a 3-fold increase in the live birth rate (p=0.025, OR=0.34, 95% CI=0.117–0.894).

Conclusion: According to our data, low titer aPL are significantly associated with aPL-associated obstetric complications, with a lower prevalence of premature birth compared to medium-high titer aPL. Treatment with LDASA+LMWH led to a higher increase of live birth rate in women with low titer aPL compared to those with medium-high titer aPL. Additional treatment such as HCQ were effective in women with medium-high titer aPL but not those with low titer aPL.         Table 1. Obstetric outcomes (defined according to Miyakis et al, 2006) in 245 untreated pregnancies in women with low titer and medium-high titer anti-phospholipid antibodies.      

 

Live birth

Early loss

Late loss

Premature birth

Total

Low titer aPL

57 (42%)

60 (45%)

16 (12%)

1 (1%)

134

Medium-high titer aPL

31 (28%)

59 (53%)

13 (12%)

8 (7%)

111

   


Disclosure: C. B. Chighizola, None; M. G. Raimondo, None; C. Comerio, None; F. Pregnolato, None; C. Sobrino, None; L. Trespidi, None; B. Acaia, None; M. Gerosa, None; W. Ossola, None; P. L. Meroni, None.

To cite this abstract in AMA style:

Chighizola CB, Raimondo MG, Comerio C, Pregnolato F, Sobrino C, Trespidi L, Acaia B, Gerosa M, Ossola W, Meroni PL. The Risk of Obstetric Complications and the Effects of Treatment in Women with Low Titer and Medium-High Titer Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016; 68 (suppl 10). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/the-risk-of-obstetric-complications-and-the-effects-of-treatment-in-women-with-low-titer-and-medium-high-titer-anti-phospholipid-antibodies/. Accessed February 2, 2023.
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