Low Dose Computed Tomography Hounsfield Units: A Reliable Methodology for Assessing Changes in Vertebral Bone Density in Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis

Mary Lucy Marques¹, Nuno Pereira da Silva², Désirée van der Heijde³, Monique Reijnierse⁴, Juergen Braun⁵, Xenofon Baraliakos⁶, floris van Gaalen⁴ and Sofia Ramiro⁴, ¹Leiden University Medical Center, Coimbra, Portugal, ²Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, ³Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Leiden, Netherlands, ⁴Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, ⁵Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany, ⁶Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Herne, Germany

Meeting: ACR Convergence 2022

Keywords: Bone density, osteopenia, Outcome measures, spondyloarthritis, Spondyloarthropathies

Session Information

Date: Sunday, November 13, 2022

Title: Spondyloarthritis Including PsA – Diagnosis, Manifestations, and Outcomes Poster II

Session Type: Poster Session B

Session Time: 9:00AM-10:30AM

Background/Purpose: In radiographic axial Spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA), low dose Computed Tomography (ldCT) Hounsfield Units (HU) were shown to cross-sectionally reliably assess bone density at each vertebra from C3 to L5.¹ HU change scores have never been studied. In the present study we aimed to describe ldCT HU 2-year change scores and analyse inter-reader reliability per vertebra.

Methods: We used 49 patients with r-axSpA from the multicentre 2-year Sensitive Imaging in Ankylosing Spondylitis (SIAS) study. A standardized protocol and automatic exposure control calibration in ldCT imaging acquisition were used. HU measurements at each vertebra (from C3 to L5) were independently assessed by two trained readers at baseline and two years (independent reading sessions ≥3 months apart), according to the methodology described in Figure 1. Mean (standard deviation, SD) for the change-from-baseline HU scores were provided per vertebra by reader. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; absolute agreement, two-way random effects), Bland-Altman plots and smallest detectable change (SDC) were obtained. Also, percentages of vertebrae in which readers agreed on the direction of change and on change scores >|SDC| were computed.

Results: Overall, 1,053 (98% of all possible) vertebrae were assessed at both time-points by each reader. Over two years, HU mean change values varied from -23 to 28 and 29 for reader 1 and 2, respectively – Table 1. Inter-reader reliability for the change-from-baseline scores per vertebra was excellent: ICC: 0.91 to 0.99; SDC: 6 to 10; Bland-Altman plots were homoscedastic, with negligible systematic error between readers. Readers agreed on the direction of the change-score in 88-96% and on change-scores >|SDC| in 58-94% of vertebrae, per vertebral level, from C3 to L5. Overall, similar results were obtained across all vertebrae.

Conclusion: LdCT measurement of HU is a reliable method to assess changes in bone density at each vertebra from C3 to L5. Being reliable across all vertebrae, this methodology can aid the study of bone density changes in r-axSpA, a disease affecting the whole spine.

References: 1. Marques ML, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021; 73 (suppl 10).

SIAS study was funded by the Dutch Rheumatism Association (“ReumaNederland”). MLM is supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) grant SFRH/BD/143744/2019.

Figure 1. Methodology of low dose Computed Tomography Hounsfield Units (HU) measurement. 1a: Using a
three-dimensional curved multiplanar reconstruction, the curve of the spine adjacent to the spinal canal was delimited.
1b: On the obtained sagittal image, each vertebra (from C3 to L5) was identifiable. At each vertebra, two lines of
reference were positioned at the superior (yellow line A) and inferior (yellow line C) limits of the vertebra. Equidistant to
A and C, the yellow line B was positioned by the software at the center of the vertebral body. 1c: Vertebral
HU measurements were taken from the reconstructed cross-sectional slice positioned at the center of the vertebra. A
region of interest was manually selected, having a diameter equal to 75% of the average of anteroposterior and
transverse diameters. The density of the vertebra was displayed by the software as the average image intensity within
the sample region, reported in HU.

Table 1. Change scores for each reader, mean differences between readers, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and agreement on changes beyond measurement error, from C3 to L5. § C3-C7: n=44; T1-L5: n=49. # Percentages of agreement on changes beyond measurement error, i.e., above the absolute value of the smallest detectable change (>|SDC|= >SDC and <-SDC). For consistency, the mean/median SDC of 7 was used as a cut-off to assess changes beyond measurement error in all vertebrae. *Percentage of agreement on change scores within measurement error (<|SDC|= ≤SDC and ≥-SDC).

Disclosures: M. Marques, None; N. Pereira da Silva, None; D. van der Heijde, AbbVie, Bayer, BMS, Cyxone, Eisai, Galapagos, Gilead, Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Imaging Rheumatology bv, Lilly; M. Reijnierse, ASAS, International Skeletal Society; J. Braun, None; X. Baraliakos, AbbVie, Lilly, Galapagos, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi; f. van Gaalen, Stichting vrienden van Sole Mio, Stichting ASAS, Jacobus stichting, Novartis, UCB, MSD, AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly; S. Ramiro, AbbVie/Abbott, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Merck/MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Sanofi.

To cite this abstract in AMA style:

Marques M, Pereira da Silva N, van der Heijde D, Reijnierse M, Braun J, Baraliakos X, van Gaalen f, Ramiro S. Low Dose Computed Tomography Hounsfield Units: A Reliable Methodology for Assessing Changes in Vertebral Bone Density in Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022; 74 (suppl 9). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/low-dose-computed-tomography-hounsfield-units-a-reliable-methodology-for-assessing-changes-in-vertebral-bone-density-in-radiographic-axial-spondyloarthritis/. Accessed .

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