Increase of IL10 and IFNa2 Are Associated to Clinical Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Patients

Elena Grau García¹, Marta De la Rubia Navarro², Samuel Leal Rodriguez¹, José Ivorra-Cortés³, Carmen Riesco Barcena⁴, Anderson Huaylla Quispe⁴, Laura Mas Sánchez⁵, Pablo Muñoz Martínez⁶, Daniel Ramos Castro⁴, Alba Torrat noves⁷, Iago Alcantara Alvarez², Belén Villanueva Mañés², Miguel Simeo Vinaixa², Andrés Pérez Hurtado⁴ and Jose A Román-Ivorra⁸, ¹HUP La Fe, Valencia, Spain, ²Rheumatology Department. HUP La Fe, Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana, Spain, ³Hospital Universitario La Fe, PALMA DE MALLORCA, Spain, ⁴Rheumatology Department. HUP La Fe, Valencia, Spain, ⁵Resident at Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valéncia, Spain, ⁶Hospital Universitario y Politècnico La Fe, Sagunto, Spain, ⁷Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe de Valencia, Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana, Spain, ⁸Hospital Universitari i Politècnic la Fe, Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana, Spain

Meeting: ACR Convergence 2024

Keywords: cytokines, interferon, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Session Information

Date: Monday, November 18, 2024

Title: SLE – Diagnosis, Manifestations, & Outcomes Poster III

Session Type: Poster Session C

Session Time: 10:30AM-12:30PM

Background/Purpose:

Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by deregulation of cytokine production. Interferon (IFN) is a proinflamatory cytokine considered as a key molecule in the SLE etiopathogenesis, being responsible of the differentiation of dendritic cells from monocytes, and indirectly of IL10 upregulation. Moreover, B lymphocyte stimulator factor (BLyS) is an important factor in the SLE pathology; elevated serum levels of soluble BlyS are at increased risk of flare.

We aimed to analyze the association between inflammatory cytokine levels (BLyS, IFNa2, IFNb, IFNg and IL10) and SLE clinical activity in SLE patients.

Methods:

A longitudinal, observational prospective study with evaluations at baseline and follow-up visits every 3 months (for 1 year) in SLE patients (SLICC 2012 criteria) was performed. In all cases complete laboratory test, clinical evaluation and SLEDAI score was carried out. We analyzed inflammatory cytokines serum levels by colorimetric methods.

Results:

45 SLE patients (86.7% female) participated in the study, with a mean age at diagnosis of 32.8 (16.2) years and a mean time of disease evolution of 17.9 (11.4) years. The 28.9% of patients showed SLEDAI >6 at the basal visit. 30 patients were under glucocorticoid treatment, 30 under antimalarials and 11 patients initiate belimumab treatment at the basal visit. SLEDAI and inflammatory cytoquine levels during follow-up is shown in table.

	V0 Mean (DS)	V3 Mean (DS)	V6 Mean (DS)	V9 Mean (DS)	V12 Mean (DS)
SLEDAI score	6.1 (5.4)	3.5 (3.4)	5.1 (4.1)	3.7 (2.9)	3.6 (2.6)
IFNa2 (pg/mL)	202.6 (608.1)	115.2 (219.3)	170.6 (634.4)	103.2 (194.4)	157.2 (523.1)
IFNb (pg/mL)	74.6 (91.2)	72.6 (114.6)	76.2 (101.4)	77.2 (114.2)	74.6 (97.5)
IFNg (pg/mL)	257.2 (413.7)	293.6 (395.7)	334.3 (485.6)	289.2 (354.7)	370.5 (794.9)
IL-10 (pg/mL)	14.35 (21.07)	15.48 (16.92)	11.79 (15.23)	11.02 (11.14)	11.86 (11.76)
BLyS (pg/mL)	3073.4 (2198.6)	6232.4 (4838.8)	4111.6 (3593.7)	4812.9 (3786.8)	5432.3 (4747.8)

Statistical analysis showed significant association between high SLEDAI score and increased IL-10 (P=0.014) and IFNa2 levels (0.009), as well as a tendency with IFN-beta (P=0.057), independently of the time of follow-up. High anti-dsDNA levels were significantly associated to elevated IFN-beta (P=0.005) and IFN-gamma (P=0.038), and low levels of C3 with an IL-10 increment (P=0.006). No influence of age at diagnosis, time of evolution, vitamin D levels, corticoids and tobacco use in cytoquine levels was observed.

At basal visit, patients under antimalarials treatment exhibit low levels of IL-10 (P=0.007) and IFNb (P=0.024); IL-10 behavior is maintained during follow-up (P=0.012) and there is a tendency for IFNb (P=0.07). Patients under belimumab treatment show high levels of BLyS (P< 0.001) and a tendency of a decrease of IL10 levels during follow-up (P=0.06).

Conclusion:

High levels of IL-10, IFN-alpha2, IFN-beta and IFN-gamma were associated to clinical activity, independently of the time of follow-up. Antimalarial treatment influence IL-10 and IFNb levels, and Belimumab treatment modify BLyS and IL-10 levels.

Disclosures: E. Grau García: None; M. De la Rubia Navarro: None; S. Leal Rodriguez: None; J. Ivorra-Cortés: None; C. Riesco Barcena: None; A. Huaylla Quispe: None; L. Mas Sánchez: None; P. Muñoz Martínez: None; D. Ramos Castro: None; A. Torrat noves: None; I. Alcantara Alvarez: None; B. Villanueva Mañés: None; M. Simeo Vinaixa: None; A. Pérez Hurtado: None; J. Román-Ivorra: None.

To cite this abstract in AMA style:

Grau García E, De la Rubia Navarro M, Leal Rodriguez S, Ivorra-Cortés J, Riesco Barcena C, Huaylla Quispe A, Mas Sánchez L, Muñoz Martínez P, Ramos Castro D, Torrat noves A, Alcantara Alvarez I, Villanueva Mañés B, Simeo Vinaixa M, Pérez Hurtado A, Román-Ivorra J. Increase of IL10 and IFNa2 Are Associated to Clinical Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Patients [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2024; 76 (suppl 9). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/increase-of-il10-and-ifna2-are-associated-to-clinical-activity-in-systemic-lupus-erythematous-patients/. Accessed .

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