Abstracts tagged "Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR)"

Abstract Number: 0505 • ACR Convergence 2021
Risk of Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism in Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis And/or Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A Veterans Health Administration Population-Based Study in the United States
Despina Michailidou¹, Tianyu Zhang², Pavlos Stamatis³ and Bernard Ng⁴, ¹Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, ²Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, ³Lund University, Lund, Sweden, ⁴Rheumatology Section, VA Puget Sound HCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Background/Purpose: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are two chronic systemic inflammatory diseases that primarily affect elderly women. Both diseases can be complicated…
Abstract Number: 0507 • ACR Convergence 2021
Tocilizumab in Patients with New Onset Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR-SPARE) – a Phase 2/3 Randomized Controlled Trial
Michael Bonelli¹, Helga Radner¹, Josef Smolen¹, Martina Durechova¹, Jutta Stieger², Rusmir Husic³, Andreas Kerschbaumer¹, Christian Dejaco⁴ and Daniel Aletaha⁵, ¹Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ²2nd Department of Medicine, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria, ³Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, ⁴Rheumatology, Hospital of Brunico (SABES-ASDAA), Brunico, Italy, Brunico, Italy, ⁵Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Background/Purpose: PMR is the second most common inflammatory rheumatic disease of people aged 50 years or older. Glucocorticoid therapy is highly effective, but many patients…
Abstract Number: 0653 • ACR Convergence 2021
Adherence to the 2015 ACR Guidelines for the Management of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Screening for Osteoporosis at a Tertiary Care Medical Center
Padmini Parameswaran¹ and Michael Lucke², ¹Allegheny Health Network Medical Education Consortium, Pittsburgh, PA, ²Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
Background/Purpose: Since the first description of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in the early 1950s, the ideal dose and duration of glucocorticoid therapy has varied. In 2015,…
Abstract Number: 0952 • ACR Convergence 2021
Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Patients with Primary Systemic Vasculitis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Physician Registry
Sebastian Sattui¹, Richard Conway², Michael Putman³, Andrea Seet⁴, Kaley Beins⁵, Catherine Hill⁶, David Liew⁷, Sarah Mackie⁸, Puja Mehta⁹, Lorna Neill¹⁰, Gimena Gomez¹¹, Maria Salinas¹², Federico Maldonado¹³, Henrique Moriz¹⁴, Samia Studart¹⁵, NAFICE ARAUJO¹⁶, Ann Knight¹⁷, Davide Rozza¹⁸, Luca Quartuccio¹⁹, Maxime Samson²⁰, Stephane Bally²¹, Alexandre Maria²², Pascal Chazerain²³, Rebecca Hasseli²⁴, Ulf Müller-Ladner²⁵, Bimba Franziska Hoyer²⁶, Reinhard Voll²⁷, Rita Pinheiro Torres²⁸, Mariana Luis²⁹, Sandra Lúcia Ribeiro³⁰, Samar Al Emadi³¹, Jeffrey Sparks³², Tiffany Hsu³³, Kristin D'Silva³⁴, Naomi Patel³⁴, Leanna Wise³⁵, Emily Gilbert³⁶, Maria Valenzuela-Almada³⁷, Ali Duarte-Garcia³⁸, Manuel Ugarte-Gil³⁹, Emily Sirotich⁴⁰, Jean Liew⁴¹, Jonathan Hausmann⁴², Paul Sufka⁴³, Suleman Bhana⁴⁴, Rebecca Grainger⁴⁵, Wendy Costello⁴⁶, Lindsay Jacobsohn⁴⁷, Zara Izadi⁴, Anja Strangfeld⁴⁸, Elsa Frazão Mateus⁴⁹, Kimme Hyrich⁵⁰, Laure Gossec⁵¹, Loreto Carmona⁵², Saskia Lawson-Tovey⁵⁰, Lianne Kearsley-Fleet⁵³, Martin Schaefer⁵⁴, Milena Gianfrancesco⁴, Pedro Machado⁵⁵, Zachary Wallace³⁴, Jinoos Yazdany⁴ and Philip Robinson⁵⁶, ¹Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, ²St. James's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, ³Medical College of Wisconsin, Brookfield, WI, ⁴University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, ⁵Vasculitis Foundation, Kansas City, MO, ⁶Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Australia, ⁷Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia, ⁸School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, ⁹University College London, London, United Kingdom, ¹⁰PMR GCA Scotland, Perth, United Kingdom, ¹¹Research Unit Argentine Society of Rheumatology, Buenos Aires, Argentina, ¹²Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina, ¹³Sanatorio Güemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina, ¹⁴Hospital das Clinicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil, ¹⁵HOSPITAL GERAL DE FORTALEZA, Fortaleza, Brazil, ¹⁶Instituto de ASsistencia Medica ao Servidor Publico Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, ¹⁷Rheumatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, ¹⁸Epidemiology Research Unit, Italian Society of Rheumatology, Rome, Italy, ¹⁹Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, ²⁰CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Hpital Franois Mitterrand, Dijon, Dijon, France, ²¹Nephrology and Dialysis Service, Metropole Savoie Hospital Center, Chambery, France, ²²Department of Internal Medicine and Multiorganic Diseases, Saint-Eloi University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France, ²³Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Diaconesses Croix Saint Simon Hospital, Paris, France, ²⁴Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Bad Nauheim, Germany., Bad Nauheim, Germany, ²⁵JLU Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Dept. Rheum & Clin Immunol, Bad Nauheim, Germany, ²⁶Universittsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany, ²⁷Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, ²⁸Rheumatology Service, Egas Moniz Hospital, Lisboa Occidental Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal, ²⁹Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portuga, Coimbra, Portugal, ³⁰Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Amazonas, Brazil, ³¹Hamad medical corporation, Doha, Qatar, ³²Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, ³³Brigham and Women's Hospital, Jamaica Plain, MA, ³⁴Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, ³⁵LAC+USC/Keck Medicine of USC, Pasadena, CA, ³⁶Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, ³⁷Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, ³⁸Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, ³⁹Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Essalud/Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru, ⁴⁰McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, ⁴¹Boston University, Boston, MA, ⁴²Boston Children's Hospital / Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cambridge, MA, ⁴³HealthPartners, Eagan, MN, ⁴⁴Crystal Run Health, Montvale, NJ, ⁴⁵University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand, ⁴⁶Irish Children's Arthritis Network, Bansha, Ireland, ⁴⁷University of California San Francisco, Antioch, CA, ⁴⁸Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany, ⁴⁹Liga Portuguesa Contra as Doenças Reumáticas (LPCDR), Lisbon, Portugal, ⁵⁰University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, ⁵¹Sorbonne Université and Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France, ⁵²Instituto de Salud Musculoesqueltica (InMusc), Madrid, Spain, ⁵³Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, ⁵⁴German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany, ⁵⁵Centre for Rheumatology & Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁵⁶University of Queensland School of Clinical Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Herston, Australia
Background/Purpose: Patients with primary systemic vasculitis (PSV) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) may be at high risk for poor COVID-19 outcomes due to the treatments used,…
Abstract Number: 1091 • ACR Convergence 2021
Serum Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Potential Biomarkers in Arthritis in the Elderly
Martha Cedeno¹, Jessica Murillo Saich¹, Roxana Coras², Anahy Maria Brandy-Garcia³, Agueda Prior-Español⁴, Lourdes Mateo⁵, Melania Martinez-Morillo⁵ and Monica Guma⁶, ¹University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, ²University of California San Diego/Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, San Diego, CA, ³Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain, ⁴Department of Rheumatology, Germans Trias i Pujol. University Hospital, Badalona, Spain, ⁵Department of Rheumatology, Germans Trias i Pujol. University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain, ⁶University of California San Diego/San Diego VA Healthcare Service/Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, La Jolla, CA
Background/Purpose: Elderly-onset RA (EORA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are common rheumatic diseases in the elderly, but their pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Seronegative EORAneg…
Abstract Number: 1392 • ACR Convergence 2021
Assessment of a Patient Self-Report Frailty Tool in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Sebastian Sattui, Deanna Jannat-Khah, Lindsay Lally, Sarah Lieber, Lisa Mandl and Robert Spiera, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
Background/Purpose: Frailty, a syndrome characterized by decreased physiologic reserve, is associated with chronic inflammation. We have shown a high prevalence of frailty in patients with…
Abstract Number: 1405 • ACR Convergence 2021
Effectiveness of Tocilizumab in Cranial and Extracranial Phenotypes of Giant Cell Arteritis: Multicenter Study of 471 Cases
Lara Sánchez-Bilbao¹, Javier Loricera¹, Santos Castañeda², Clara Moriano³, Javier Narvaez⁴, Vicente Aldasoro⁵, Olga Maíz⁶, Rafael Melero⁷, Juan Ignacio Villa⁸, Paloma Vela⁹, Susana Romero-Yuste¹⁰, José Luis Callejas¹¹, Eugenio De Miguel¹², Eva Galindez-Agirregoikoa¹³, Francisca Sivera¹⁴, Jesús Carlos Fernández-López¹⁵, Carles Galisteo¹⁶, Iván Ferraz-Amaro¹⁷, Juan Carlos Nieto¹⁸, Juan Ramón de Dios¹⁹, Julio Sánchez²⁰, Esther Fernández²¹, Isabel de la Morena²², Patricia Moya²³, Roser Solans-Laqué²⁴, Jose Luis Andreu²⁵, Marcelino Revenga²⁶, Eztizen Labrador²⁷, Andrea García-Valle²⁸, Adela Gallego²⁹, Carlota Iñíguez³⁰, Cristina Hidalgo³¹, Noemí Garrido-Puñal³², Ruth López-González³³, José Andrés Román-Ivorra³⁴, Sara Manrique Arija³⁵, Paz Collado³⁶, Enrique Raya¹¹, Francisco Navarro³⁷, Antoni Juan Mas³⁸, Carmen Ordas³⁹, Maria Dolors Boquet⁴⁰, Noelia Álvarez-Rivas⁴¹, Maria Luisa Velloso-Feijoo⁴², Cristina Campos-Fernández⁴³, Íñigo Rúa-Figueroa⁴⁴, Arantxa Conesa⁴⁵, Eva Salgado⁴⁶, Miguel Ángel gonzalez-Gay⁴⁷ and Ricardo Blanco⁴⁸, ¹Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain, ²Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain, ³Hospital Universitario de León, León, Spain, ⁴Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, ⁵Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, ⁶Hospital Universitario de Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain, ⁷Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain, ⁸Hospital Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Spain, ⁹Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain, ¹⁰Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain, ¹¹Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain, ¹²Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain, ¹³Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain, ¹⁴Hospital Universitario de Elda, Alicante, Spain, ¹⁵Hospital Universitario Juan Canalejo, A Coruña, Spain, ¹⁶Hospital Universitari Parc Tauli, Saadell, Spain, ¹⁷Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, ¹⁸Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, ¹⁹Hospital Universitario de Araba, Mondragón, Spain, ²⁰Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain, ²¹Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain, ²²Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, ²³Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain, ²⁴Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain, ²⁵Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain, ²⁶Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain, ²⁷Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain, ²⁸Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, Palencia. Spain, Palencia, Spain, ²⁹Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain, ³⁰Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Galicia, Spain, ³¹Hospital Universitario Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain, ³²Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain, ³³Complejo Hospitalario de Zamora, Zamora, Spain, ³⁴Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain, ³⁵Hospital Regional de Málaga, Málaga. Spain., Malaga, Spain, ³⁶Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain, ³⁷Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain, ³⁸Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, ³⁹Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain, ⁴⁰Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida. Spain., Lleida, Spain, ⁴¹Hospital San Agustín, Aviles, Spain, ⁴²Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain, ⁴³Consorci Hospital General Universitari de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, ⁴⁴Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Gran Canaria, Spain, ⁴⁵Hospital Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain, ⁴⁶Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain, ⁴⁷Research group on Genetic Epidemiology and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Diseases and in Metabolic Bone Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, IDIVAL, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla; School of Medicine, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain. Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, ⁴⁸Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
Background/Purpose: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) may be divided into cranial, and extracranial GCA phenotypes. Tocilizumab (TCZ) has shown efficacy and safety in GCA.Our aim was…
Abstract Number: 1407 • ACR Convergence 2021
Characterization of Synovial Fluid T Cells in Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Implication of Th1 and Tc1 Effector Memory Profiles
Rosanne Reitsema¹, Lieske Wekema², Wayel Abdulahad¹, Peter Heeringa³, Minke Huitema¹, Maria Sandovici³, Annemieke Boots³, Elisabeth Brouwer³ and Kornelis van der Geest³, ¹Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, ²Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, ³University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Background/Purpose: Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) is a common rheumatic inflammatory disease in the elderly. PMR is characterized by synovial inflammation of (peri)articular structures in the shoulders…
Abstract Number: 1416 • ACR Convergence 2021
Dysregulated Glucose Metabolism and Dyslipidemia in GCA and PMR Patients at Diagnosis
Idil Esen¹, Philip Therkildsen², Berit Dalsgaard Nielsen², Anna van 't Ende¹, Annemieke Boots¹, Peter Heeringa¹, Ellen-Margrethe Hauge², Elisabeth Brouwer¹ and Yannick van Sleen³, ¹University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, ²Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, ³University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Background/Purpose: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the large and medium vasculitis that affects elderly people GCA frequently overlaps with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). PMR is a…
Abstract Number: 1418 • ACR Convergence 2021
Patient Reported Outcomes on Quality of Life in Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Yannick van Sleen¹, Kornelis van der Geest², Annemieke Boots², Maria Sandovici² and Elisabeth Brouwer², ¹University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, ²University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Background/Purpose: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are often overlapping inflammatory diseases that occur in people older than 50 years. Both diseases can…
Abstract Number: 0466 • ACR Convergence 2021
Subclinical Large Vessel Vasculitis in Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Eugenio De Miguel¹, Pierluigi Macchioni², Edoardo Conticini³, Corrado Campochiaro⁴, Rositsa Karalilova⁵, Giulia Klinowski², Paolo Falsetti³, Irene Monjo⁶, Alessandro Tomelleri⁷, Zguro Batalov⁵ and Alojzija Hocevar⁸, ¹Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain, ²Department of Rheumatology, IRCCS-S.Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, ³Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, ⁴Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR). San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan. Italy, Milan, Italy, ⁵Medical University of Plovdiv, University Hospital Kaspela, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, ⁶Hospital La Paz - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain, ⁷Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR). San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Milan, Italy, ⁸UKC Ljubjana, Ljubjana, Slovenia
Background/Purpose: Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are closely related diseases. PMR occurs in approximately 50 % of GCA patients1, however the frequency…
Abstract Number: 0131 • ACR Convergence 2020
Analysis of the Total Body Composition in a Cohort of Patients with Elderly Onset Arthritis
Anahy María Brandy García¹, Melania Martinez-Morillo², Agueda Prior³, Rosa Serrano¹, Lourdes Mateo⁴, Monica Guma⁵ and Laia Gifre², ¹Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain, ²Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain, ³Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain, ⁴Department of Rheumatology, Germans Trias i Pujol. University Hospital, Badalona, Badalona, ⁵University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Background/Purpose: Inflammatory arthritis in the elderly leads to greater comorbidity than that of the young patients, however, there are few data on body composition in…
Abstract Number: 0421 • ACR Convergence 2020
Polymyalgia Rheumatica Is Associated with Later Menopause: An Observational Study
Sarah Dyball¹, Christopher Saleh² and Marwan Bukhari¹, ¹Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom, ²Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
Background/Purpose: Oestrogen exposure leads to an increase in peak bone mass whereas menopause is associated with rapid bone loss. Numerous studies have linked rheumatoid arthritis…
Abstract Number: 0422 • ACR Convergence 2020
Frailty and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Sebastian Sattui¹, Deanna Jannat-Khah², Lindsay Lally¹, Sarah Lieber¹, Lisa Mandl¹ and Robert Spiera³, ¹Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, ²Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, NY, ³Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA, New York, NY
Background/Purpose: Frailty is a syndrome characterized by an increased vulnerability to stressors. Frailty and pre-frailty have been reported in 10% and 44%of community dwelling elderly,…
Abstract Number: 0510 • ACR Convergence 2020
Expression and Functional Activity of the Angiotensin II System in Temporal Artery Lesions from Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis
Marco A. Alba¹, Ester Planas-Rigol², Marc Corbera-Bellalta², Nekane Terrades-García³, Ana García-Martínez³, Sergio Prieto-González¹, Roser Alba-Rovira³, Georgina Espígol-Frigolé¹, Javier Marco-Hernández¹, Jose Hernández-Rodríguez¹, Josep M Grau⁴ and Maria C. Cid¹, ¹Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, ²Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IRB-CELLEX. Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain, ³Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IRB-CELLEX. Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, ⁴Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic and Fundació Cellex, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Barcelona
Background/Purpose: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large and medium size-vessel granulomatous vasculitis that predominantly affects the aorta and its major branches. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system…

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