Abstracts tagged "Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (Dmards)"

Abstract Number: 0434 • ACR Convergence 2023
Effects of B/tsDMARDs on Non-inflammatory Pain in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis -ANSWER Longitudinal Cohort Study-
Mai Yamashita¹, Takaichi Okano¹, Iku Shirasugi¹, Hirotaka Yamada¹, Keisuke Nishimura¹, Sho Sendo¹, Yo Ueda¹, Toshihisa Maeda², Shinya Hayashi², Wataru Yamamoto³, Akira Onishi⁴, Kosaku Murakami⁵, Hideyuki Shiba⁶, Kenichiro Hata⁶, Kohei Tsujimoto⁷, Kosuke Ebina⁸, Yonsu Son⁹, Naofumi Yoshida⁹, Ryota Hara¹⁰, Ryu Watanabe¹¹, Motomu Hashimoto¹¹, Ryosuke Kuroda² and Jun Saegusa¹, ¹Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, ²Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, ³Department of Health Information Management, Kurashiki Sweet Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan, ⁴Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, ⁵Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, ⁶Department of Internal Medicine (Ⅳ), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan, ⁷Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan, ⁸Department of Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Toyonaka,Osaka, Japan, ⁹First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Hirakata, Japan, ¹⁰Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan, ¹¹Department of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
Background/Purpose: Non-inflammatory pain (NIP) is one of the remaining issues in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and some previous studies suggest that 10-20% of patients with RA…
Abstract Number: 0586 • ACR Convergence 2023
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Azathioprine and Tacrolimus in SLE Pregnancies: Preliminary Results from the LEGACY Cohort
Reem Farhat¹, Arielle Mendel², Isabelle Malhamé³, Joo Young (Esther) Lee⁴, Luisa Ciofani⁵, Sasha Bernatsky⁶ and Evelyne Vinet², ¹McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, ²McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada, ³McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁴McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁵McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁶Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
Background/Purpose: Pregnant SLE women still face an unacceptably high risk of maternal and fetal morbidity, particularly when their disease is active. How to personalize SLE…
Abstract Number: 1182 • ACR Convergence 2023
Treatment Trajectories and Patient Outcomes in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
Kristin Wipfler¹, Michael Feely², Gulsen Ozen³, Urbano Sbarigia⁴, Federico Zazzetti⁵, Anna Sheahan⁶, Iris Lin⁷, Evo Alemao⁸ and Kaleb Michaud², ¹FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases, Omaha, NE, ²University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, ³University of Nebraska Medical Center, Bellevue, NE, ⁴Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium, ⁵Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, ⁶Janssen, Raleigh, NC, ⁷Janssen, Horsham, PA, ⁸Janssen Pharmaceuticals, New Hope, PA
Background/Purpose: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are rare, heterogeneous diseases characterized by chronic skeletal muscle inflammation and weakness. Initial conventional therapy is based on expert opinion…
Abstract Number: 1426 • ACR Convergence 2023
Distinct Treatment Response Trajectories in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Receiving Tofacitinib
Dafna Gladman¹, William R Tillett², David Gruben³, Laura Coates⁴, Stefanie Hahne⁵ and Mikhail Volkov⁶, ¹Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ²Department of Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, United Kingdom, ³Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, ⁴University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, ⁵Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany, ⁶Pfizer BV, Capelle aan den IJssel, Netherlands
Background/Purpose: PsA is a heterogeneous disease, and identifying clinical phenotypes may assist clinical decision making. Patients (pts) treated with advanced therapies demonstrate varying treatment responses.…
Abstract Number: 2033 • ACR Convergence 2023
Sex Differences in Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis After Starting a New Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Medication
John Davis¹, Sara Achenbach², Courtney Arment¹, Delamo Bekele¹, Vanessa Kronzer¹, Thomas Mason¹, Elena Myasoedova¹, Lynne Peterson¹, Kerry Wright¹ and Cynthia Crowson¹, ¹Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, ²Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Rochester, MN
Background/Purpose: Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) measures are valued in the assessment of health outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, little is…
Abstract Number: 2231 • ACR Convergence 2023
Ixekizumab Significantly Improves Nail Disease and Adjacent Joint Tenderness and Swelling in Psoriatic Arthritis
Dennis McGonagle¹, Arthur Kavanaugh², Iain McInnes³, Lars Erik⁴, Joseph Merola⁵, Bruce Strober⁶, Rebecca Bolce⁷, Jeffrey Lisse⁷, Jennifer Pustizzi⁷, Christophe Sapin⁷ and Christopher T Ritchlin⁸, ¹Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Academic Unit for the Musculoskeletal Diseases, Leeds, United Kingdom, ²Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, ³University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, ⁴Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Vedbæk, Denmark, ⁵Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Newton, MA, ⁶Yale University, New Haven, CT, ⁷Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, ⁸University of Rochester Medical School, Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology Division, Canandaigua, NY
Background/Purpose: Nail psoriasis (PsO) is a strong predictor for the development of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and has been reported in 63–83% of patients with PsA1.…
Abstract Number: 2569 • ACR Convergence 2023
Efficacy and Safety of Therapeutic Interventions for the Treatment of Still’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Informing the EULAR/PReS Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Adult-Onset Still’s Disease
Sara Bindoli¹, Arianna De Matteis², STEPHANE MITROVIC³, Bruno Fautrel⁴, Loreto Carmona⁵, Fabrizio De Benedetti⁶ and On Behalf Of The Eular/PreS QoC011 Task Force Member⁷, ¹Rheumatology Unit, Dept of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, ²IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu', Rome, Italy, ³Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Sorbonne University, APHP, Paris, France, ⁴Sorbonne Université APHP, Paris, France, ⁵Instituto de Salud Musculoesquelética (InMusc), Madrid, Spain, ⁶Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Rome, Italy, ⁷EULAR/PReS QoC011 Task Force members are: Jordi Anton, Alexandre Belot, Claudia Bracaglia, Tamas Constantin, Lorenzo Dagna, Alessandro De Bartolo, Eugen Feist, Dirk Foell, Marco Gattorno, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, Roberto Giacomelli, Alexei Grom, Yvan Jamilloux, Katarina Laskari, Calin Lazar, Francesca Minoia, Peter Nigrovic, Filipa Oliveira Ramos, Seza Ozen, Pierre Quartier-dit-Maire, Piero Ruscitti, Erdal Sag, Sinisa Savic, Marie-Elise Truchetet, Bas Vastert, Tanita Wilhelmer, Carine Wouters., Paris, France
Background/Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of therapies currently in use and under evaluation for systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (sJIA) and Adult-Onset Still's disease…
Abstract Number: 0294 • ACR Convergence 2023
Tofacitinib Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Associated with Increased Lower Limb Muscle Volume: The Rheumatoid Arthritis and Muscle (RAMUS) Study
Joshua L Bennett¹, Kieren G Hollingsworth², Arthur Pratt³, Maha Egail³, Catherine Feeney⁴, Valeria Di Leo⁴, Robert W Taylor⁴, Richard Dodds⁵, Amy E Anderson³, Avan Aihie Sayer⁵ and John Isaacs⁶, ¹Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, ²Innovation Methodology and Application Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, ³Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, ⁴Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, ⁵AGE Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, ⁶Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Background/Purpose: Approximately 1 in 4 people with RA have sarcopenia, defined as generalised loss of skeletal muscle (SKM) strength and mass, resulting in an increased…
Abstract Number: 0437 • ACR Convergence 2023
Comparative Safety of Biologic and Targeted Synthetic Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs for Cardiovascular Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Xavier Sendaydiego¹, Laura Gold², K Wysham³, Jean liew⁴, Maureen Dubreuil⁵, James Andrews¹, Pankti Reid⁶, David Liew⁷, Radjiv Goulabchand⁸, Abha Singh⁹, Grant Hughes¹, Mathilde Pioro¹, Jeffrey Sparks¹⁰, Jeffrey Jarvik², Siddharth Singh⁹ and Namrata Singh¹¹, ¹University of Washington, Seattle, WA, ²Department of Radiology and University of Washington Clinical Learning, Evidence, and Research (CLEAR) Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, Seattle, WA, ³VA Puget Sound/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, ⁴Boston University, Boston, MA, ⁵Department of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Milton, MA, ⁶University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, ⁷Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia, ⁸St. Eloi Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and Multi-Organic Diseases, Montpellier, France, ⁹University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, ¹⁰Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, ¹¹University of Washington, Bellevue, WA
Background/Purpose: Concern has arisen over the safety of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) regarding cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with CV risk…
Abstract Number: 0605 • ACR Convergence 2023
Determining the ECG Cut-off Point in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Undergoing Hydroxychloroquine Therapy
Carmen Lasa¹, Alba Herrero-Morant², Jon Zubiaur³, Adrián Margarida⁴, Raquel Pérez³ and Ricardo Blanco⁵, ¹Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL., La Cavada, Spain, ²Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Ontinyent, Spain, ³Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain, ⁴Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla., Santander, Spain, ⁵Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
Background/Purpose: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a widely used drug in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) that can cause cardiac alterations such as arrhythmic events in the short-term…
Abstract Number: 1215 • ACR Convergence 2023
Efficacy of Pharmacological Interventions: A Systematic Review Informing the 2023 EULAR Recommendations for the Management of Fatigue in People with Inflammatory Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases
Bayram Farisogullari¹, Eduardo Santos², Emma Dures³, Rinie Geenen⁴ and Pedro Machado⁵, ¹Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara, Turkey, ²Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal, ³Academic Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary; and Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom, ⁴Utrecht University, Vorstenbosch, Netherlands, ⁵Centre for Rheumatology & Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, UK. Department of Rheumatology, Northwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS trust, London, UK., London, United Kingdom
Background/Purpose: To identify the best evidence on the efficacy of pharmacological interventions in reducing fatigue in people with I-RMDs and to summarise their safety in…
Abstract Number: 1439 • ACR Convergence 2023
Better Drug Retention on anti-IL17A Compared to Anti-TNF Therapy Despite Its Inferior Effect on Composite Joint Indexes and Quality of Life in Patients with PsA–analysis from the Czech Biologics Registry ATTRA
Jakub Zavada¹, Jana Baranová², Karel Pavelka³, Jiri Vencovsky⁴, Pavel Horak⁵, Lenka Klementová⁶ and Ladislav Senolt⁷, ¹Institute of Rheumatology; Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, ²Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Brno, Czech Republic, ³Institut of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic, ⁴Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic, Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, ⁵Department of Internal Medicine III- Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic, ⁶Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Ltd, Brno, Czech Republic, ⁷Institute of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Praha, Czech Republic
Background/Purpose: To compare drug survival, effectiveness and safety of anti-IL17A with anti-TNF drugs as first line biologic therapy in patients (pts) with PsA using real…
Abstract Number: 2111 • ACR Convergence 2023
Self-reported Methotrexate Adherence Underestimates Biochemical Adherence: Results from the Methotrexate Use Improvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Biomarker Feedback Trial
James Bluett¹, Kimme Hyrich², Brian Keevil³, Patty Doran⁴ and Anne Barton⁵, ¹University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, ²Versus Arthritis Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, ³Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom, ⁴School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, ⁵Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Background/Purpose: Methotrexate (MTX) adherence is suboptimal and is associated with disease flare, DAS-28 response, radiographic damage and healthcare costs. Adherence can be measured using self-reported…
Abstract Number: 2237 • ACR Convergence 2023
Upadacitinib in Refractory Psoriatic Arthritis. Multicenter Study of 134 Patients in Clinical Practice
Eva Galindez-Agirregoikoa¹, Diana Prieto-Peña², Maria Luz Garcia Vivar¹, Lucia Vega-Alvarez¹, Cristina Vergara³, Irati Urionaguena⁴, Consuelo Ramos-Giráldez⁵, Raquel Almodovar⁶, Beatriz Joven Ibáñez⁷, Rosario Garcia-Vicuna⁸, Vega Jovani⁹, Teresa González¹⁰, Àngels Martínez-Ferrer¹¹, Ana Urruticoechea Arana¹², Bryan Josue Flores Robles¹³, Cristina Campos Fernández¹⁴, Lilian Maria Lopez Nunez¹⁵, Joaquin Maria Belzunegui Otano¹⁶, Marina Pavia Pascual¹⁷, Esteban Rubio¹⁸, Angel Ramos-Calvo¹⁹, Noemi Busquets²⁰, Ana Pérez Gómez²¹, Francisco Miguel Ortiz Sanjuan²², Rafael Benito Melero-Gonzalez²³, Cristina Macía²⁴, María Ángeles Puche Larrubia²⁵, Jose Antonio Pinto Tasende²⁶, Cristina Fernandez²⁷, Maria Paz Martinez-Vidal²⁸, Jaime Calvo- Alén²⁹, Emma Beltran-Catalan³⁰, Mireia Moreno³¹, Silvia Pérez-Barrio³², iñigo Gorostiza Hormaeche¹ and Ricardo Blanco³³, ¹Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain, ²Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain, ³Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, Spain, ⁴GALDAKAO-USANSOLO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, GERNIKA-LUMO, Spain, ⁵Rheumatology Department Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Sevilla, Spain, ⁶Alcorcón Foundation University Hospital, Madrid, Spain, ⁷Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain, ⁸Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain, ⁹Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain, ¹⁰Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, ¹¹Hospital Universitario Dr Peset Valéncia, Valéncia, Spain, ¹²Hospital Can Misses, Ibiza, Spain, ¹³Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, Spain, ¹⁴Hospital General Universitario Valencia, Valencia, Spain, ¹⁵Son llatzer, Palmanyola, Spain, ¹⁶University Hospital Donostia, Donostia-San Sebasti, Spain, ¹⁷Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain, ¹⁸Servicio Andaluz Salud, Sevilla, Spain, ¹⁹Complejo Hospitalario de Soria, Soria, Spain, ²⁰HOSP. GENERAL DE GRANOLLERS, GRANOLLERS, Spain, ²¹Rheumatology, Hospital Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain, ²²Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain, ²³CHU Vigo, O Carballino, Spain, ²⁴Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain, ²⁵Department of Rheumatology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain, ²⁶Rheumatology department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC). Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain, ²⁷Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain, ²⁸Hospital Universitario San Juan Alicante, Alicante, Spain, ²⁹Rheumatology, Bioaraba Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria, Spain, ³⁰HOSPITAL DEL MAR, Barcelona, Spain, ³¹Parc Tauli Hospital Universitari, I3PT(UAB), Barcelona, Spain, ³²Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain, ³³Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
Background/Purpose: The EMA authorized Upadacitinib (UPA) in PsA in January 2021. UPA has shown efficacy in PsA refractory to anti-TNF in a clinical trial (RCT).…
Abstract Number: 2596 • ACR Convergence 2023
Head-To-Head Comparison of the Effectiveness of Tocilizumab, Rituximab, Mycophenolate Mofetil, and Cyclophosphamide in Patients with SSc-ILD from the EUSTAR Database
Qingran Yan¹, Cosimo Bruni², Alexandru Garaiman², Carina Mihai², Suzana Jordan², Mike Becker³, Muriel Elhai⁴, Rucsandra Dobrota², liubov Petelytska³, Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold⁵, Joerg Henes⁶, Eric Hachulla⁷, Elise Siegert⁸, Alexandra Balbir-Gurman⁹, Giovanna Cuomo¹⁰, Gabriela Riemekasten¹¹, Stefan Heitmann¹², valeria Riccieri¹³, Susanne Ullman¹⁴, Petros Sfikakis¹⁵, Francesca Ingegnoli¹⁶, Vera Bernardino¹⁷, Marie-Elise Truchetet¹⁸, Francesco Del Galdo¹⁹, SHUANG YE²⁰ and Oliver Distler², ¹Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Swaziland, ²Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ³Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland, ⁴University Hospital zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁵Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, ⁶University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany, ⁷University of Lille, Lille, France, ⁸Department of Rheumatology, Charité University Hospital, Charité Platz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany, ⁹Rheumatology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of |Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel, ¹⁰Department of Precision Medicine, “Luigi Vanvitelli” University of Campania, Naples, Italy, ¹¹University Clinic Schleswit-Holstein (UKSH), Lübeck, Germany, ¹²Department of Rheumatology, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Böheimstrasse 37, D-70199, Stuttgart, Germany, ¹³Department of Clinical, Internal and Cardiovascular Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy, ¹⁴Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark, ¹⁵National Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece, ¹⁶Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy, ¹⁷Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal, ¹⁸Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France, ¹⁹University of Leeds - Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Muskuloskeletal Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom, ²⁰Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Background/Purpose: Tocilizumab (TCZ), rituximab (RTX), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and cyclophosphamide (CYC) are the immunosuppressants (IS) with the current best evidence for the treatment of systemic…

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