Abstracts tagged "COVID-19"

Abstract Number: 0238 • ACR Convergence 2024
Longitudinal Assessment of CD8+ T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Pre- and Post-breakthrough Infection and Its Association with COVID-19 Severity in Immunosuppressed Individuals
Aljawharah Alrubayyi¹, Aaron Shulkin¹, Judith James², Meggan Mackay³, Dinesh Khanna⁴, Amit Bar-Or⁵, Susan Macwana⁶, Ellen Goldmuntz⁷, James McNamara⁸, Sean McCarthy⁹, Matthew Sherman⁸, William Barry¹⁰, Ashley Pinckney¹¹, Sarah Walker¹⁰, Sara Tedeschi¹², Jeffrey Sparks¹³, Zachary Wallace¹⁴ and Gaurav Gaiha¹⁵, ¹Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, ²Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, ³Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, ⁴University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, ⁵University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, ⁶Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, ⁷NIAID/ NIH, Washington, DC, ⁸NIH, Bethesda, MD, ⁹DAIT/NIAID/NIH, Rockville, MD, ¹⁰Rho, Durham, NC, ¹¹Rho, St Louis Park, NC, ¹²Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, ¹³Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Boston, MA, ¹⁴Massachusetts General Hospital, Newton, MA, ¹⁵Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Background/Purpose: Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have greatly reduced COVID-19 morbidity and mortality through the induction of neutralizing antibody responses. However, T cell responses are also induced…
Abstract Number: 1110 • ACR Convergence 2024
Microvascular Abnormalities in COVID-19 Survivors and LONG COVID
Rosanna Campitiello¹, Emanuele Gotelli², Elvis Hysa³, Carmen Pizzorni⁴, Alberto Sulli⁵, Sabrina Paolino⁶, Alessandro Pinelli⁷, Tamara Vojinovic², vanessa smith⁸ and Maurizio Cutolo², ¹Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy, Genova, Liguria, Italy, ²Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy, Genova, Italy, ³Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy, Genoa, Italy, ⁴Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy, Genoa, Italy, ⁵Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy., Genova, Italy, ⁶Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genova; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Liguria, Italy, ⁷Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genova; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, ⁸Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
Background/Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infective disease known to cause mainly respiratory symptoms along with a wide range of systemic manifestations [1]. Long…
Abstract Number: 2056 • ACR Convergence 2024
Deucravacitinib Treatment Did Not Impact Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Infection in Patients with Plaque Psoriasis: Results from the Phase 3 POETYK Long-Term Extension Trial
Kevin Winthrop¹, Joseph Merola², Akimichi Morita³, Diamant Thaçi⁴, Jianzhong Zhang⁵, Aditi Basu Ba⁶, Ian M. Catlett⁷, John Schwarz⁶ and Yi Luo⁶, ¹School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, ²UT Southwestern Medical Center, Newton, MA, ³Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan, ⁴Institute and Comprehensive Center for Inflammation Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, ⁵Department of Dermatology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China, ⁶Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, ⁷Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
Background/Purpose: Deucravacitinib, an oral, selective, allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor, is approved in the US, EU, and other countries for treatment of adults with moderate…
Abstract Number: 0239 • ACR Convergence 2024
Neutralising Antibody Responses to Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Hybrid Immunity in Patients on TNF Inhibitors: A Prospective Cohort Study
Hilde S. Ørbo¹, Taissa M. Kasahara², Asia-Sophia Wolf³, Kristin H. Bjørlykke⁴, Joseph Sexton⁵, Ingrid Jyssum⁵, Anne Therese Tveter⁵, Guri Solum³, Ingrid Fadum Kjønstad³, Andreas Lind⁶, Veselka Petrova Dimova-Svetoslavova⁶, Tore K. Kvien⁷, Jørgen Jahnsen⁸, Espen A. Haavardsholm¹, Ludvig A. Munthe⁹, Sella A. Provan⁵, John Torgils Vaage⁹, Siri Mjaaland³, Kristin K. Jørgensen⁴, Gunnveig Grødeland⁹, Silje W. Syversen¹⁰ and Guro L. Goll¹⁰, ¹Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway, and University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ²University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ³Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Section for Immunology, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ⁴Akershus University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Lørenskog, Norway, ⁵Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ⁶Oslo University Hospital, Department of Microbiology, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ⁷Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway and University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ⁸Akershus University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Lørenskog, Norway and University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway, ⁹Oslo University Hospital, Department of Immunology, Oslo, Norway, and University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ¹⁰Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway, and University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Health and Society, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway
Background/Purpose: The SARS-CoV-2 virus mutates continuously, posing challenges for patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). These patients often have…
Abstract Number: 1146 • ACR Convergence 2024
Impact of COVID-19 on Myositis Testing Trends
Angel Kevin Garza-Elizondo¹, Rosa Icela Arvizu-Rivera², Pablo Gamez-Siller³, Daniela Alejandra Salcedo-Soto⁴, Jesus Cardenas-de la Garza⁵, Gisela Garcia-Arellano⁶, Miguel Angel Villarreal-Alarcon² and Dionicio Galarza-Delgado⁷, ¹Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico, ²Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico, ³Facultad de Medicina UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, ⁴Hospital Universitario Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey, Mexico, ⁵Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, ⁶Hospital Universitario \"Dr. José Eleuterio González\", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, ⁷UANL Hospital Universitario, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
Background/Purpose: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), also known as myositis, are a group of heterogeneous autoimmune disorders that lead to muscle injury. Autoantibodies help make the…
Abstract Number: 2091 • ACR Convergence 2024
Changes in Analgesic Prescriptions for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Derek Ochi¹, Dagoberto Pina², Manmeet Kaur³, Jeffery Fine⁴, Daniel Black⁵ and Barton Wise⁶, ¹Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, ²School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, ³Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, ⁴Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, ⁵Innovation Technology - Data Center of Excellence, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, ⁶Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramneto, CA
Background/Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability. The 2019 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/Arthritis Foundation (AF) Guideline for the Management of OA recommends…
Abstract Number: 0240 • ACR Convergence 2024
Cellular and Humoral Responses Following a Fifth, Updated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dose and Hybrid Immunity in Patients on TNF Inhibitors: A Prospective Cohort Study
Hilde S. Ørbo¹, Asia-Sophia Wolf², Taissa M. Kasahara³, Kristin H. Bjørlykke⁴, Ingrid Jyssum⁵, Joseph Sexton⁵, Anne Therese Tveter⁵, Guri Solum², Ingrid Fadum Kjønstad², Ingrid E. Christensen⁵, Tore K. Kvien⁶, Jørgen Jahnsen⁷, Espen A. Haavardsholm¹, Ludvig A. Munthe⁸, Sella A. Provan⁵, John Torgils Vaage⁸, Kristin K. Jørgensen⁴, Gunnveig Grødeland⁸, Siri Mjaaland², Silje W. Syversen⁹ and Guro L. Goll⁹, ¹Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway, and University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ²Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Section for Immunology, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ³University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ⁴Akershus University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Lørenskog, Norway, ⁵Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ⁶Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway and University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ⁷Akershus University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Lørenskog, Norway and University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway, ⁸Oslo University Hospital, Department of Immunology, Oslo, Norway, and University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway, ⁹Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway, and University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Health and Society, Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway
Background/Purpose: Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) on immunosuppressive therapies have attenuated humoral vaccine responses and are prone to more severe infections. Assessing the persistence…
Abstract Number: 1201 • ACR Convergence 2024
Association of COVID-19 Vaccinations with Osteoarthritis Flares: A Case-Crossover Study
Minerva Nong¹, Colby Lewis V², Genna Braverman³, Vivian Bykerk³, Nathaniel Hupert², Medha Barbhaiya³ and Lisa Mandl³, ¹Hospital for Special Surgery, Tampa, FL, ²Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, ³Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
Background/Purpose: People with osteoarthritis (OA) commonly experience periods of increased pain and stiffness (“flares”), which can be distressing and disabling. Despite the prevalence of OA…
Abstract Number: 2182 • ACR Convergence 2024
PECOS (Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 MIS-C Long-term Outcomes Study): Preliminary Results
Gina Montealegre Sanchez¹, Lauren Arrigoni², Kevin Rubenstein³, Max Wolff⁴, Mallory Barrix², C. Jason Liang⁵, James Bost⁶, Meghan Delaney⁷, Luigi Notarangelo⁸, Karyl Barron⁹ and Roberta DeBiasi¹⁰, and PECOS Study Team, ¹Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID),National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, ²Center for Cancer and Immunology Research (CCIR), Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, ³Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate (CMRPD), National Cancer Institute Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, ⁴Clinical Research Directorate (CRD), National Cancer Institute Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, ⁵Biostatistics Research Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, ⁶Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology and Center for Translational Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, ⁷Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, ⁸Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), NIAID, Bethesda, MD, ⁹Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, ¹⁰Children's National Hospital and Research Institute, Washington, DC
Background/Purpose: The long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are unknown. PECOS is a large prospective observational cohort study with the main objective to characterize…
Abstract Number: 0241 • ACR Convergence 2024
Anti-Spike Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2-Vaccinated SLE Patients
Rebecca Sadun¹, Dan Crair¹, Emmanuel Walter¹, Eugene St.Clair², David Pisetsky², Amanda Eudy³, Megan Clowse⁴, Jennifer Rogers⁵, Kai Sun¹, Lisa Criscione-Schreiber⁶, Mithu Maheswaranathan⁶, Jayanth Doss¹, Sarah Valencia¹ and M. Athony Moody⁷, ¹Duke University, Durham, NC, ²Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, ³Duke University, Raleigh, NC, ⁴Duke University, Chapel Hill, NC, ⁵Duke, Durham, NC, ⁶Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, ⁷Duke University School of Medicine, Durham
Background/Purpose: The ACR recommends SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for all patients with rheumatic diseases, but it is unknown how patients with SLE will respond to the vaccine,…
Abstract Number: 1249 • ACR Convergence 2024
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Inflammatory Arthritis: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis via the PatientSpot Research Registry
Shilpa Venkatachalam¹, Kelly Gavigan², Erik Stone³, Angela Degrassi², Laura Stradford⁴, David Curtis², Esteban Rivera⁵ and Jeffrey Curtis⁶, ¹Global Healthy Living Foundation, New York, NY, ²Global Healthy Living Foundation, Upper Nyack, NY, ³Global Healthy Living Foundation, Upper Nyack, ⁴Global Healthy Living Foundation, Nyack, NY, ⁵Global Healthy Living Foundation, Long Island City, NY, ⁶University of Alabama at Birmingham, Hoover, AL
Background/Purpose: Understanding the impact of inflammatory arthritis from patients’ perspectives through patient-reported outcomes (PROs) data can provide valuable insights into outcomes prioritized by those living…
Abstract Number: 2198 • ACR Convergence 2024
Severe and Long-Term Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccine Hesitancy and Adverse Events in Children with Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases: Insights from a COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Caregiver Survey
Jonathan Hausmann¹, Kevin Kennedy², Ethan Knapp³, Nadine Lalonde⁴, jOhn Wallace⁵, Richard Howard⁶, Marcela Alvarez⁷, Mariana Fabi⁸, Lorena Franco⁹, Rebecca Grainger¹⁰, Jean Liew¹¹, Pedro M Machado¹², Zachary Wallace¹³, Jinoos Yazdany¹⁴ and Emily Sirotich¹⁵, and COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance, ¹Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, ²McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, ³University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, ⁴COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance, London, ON, Canada, ⁵Covid 19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Patient Board, EDINBURGH, United Kingdom, ⁶Spondylitis Association of America, Encino, CA, ⁷CHIDRENS HOSPITAL DR. RICARDO GUTIERREZ ARGENTINA, Buenos Aires, Argentina, ⁸Argentine Society of Rheumatology, La Plata, Argentina, ⁹Argentine Society of Rheumatology, Cordoba, Argentina, ¹⁰University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand, ¹¹Boston University, Boston, MA, ¹²Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, ¹³Massachusetts General Hospital, Newton, MA, ¹⁴UCSF, San Francisco, CA, ¹⁵Yale University, Vaughan, ON, Canada
Background/Purpose: Children have the lowest COVID-19 vaccination rates of any age group. In adults with rheumatic diseases, barriers to vaccination include the perceived lack of…
Abstract Number: 0242 • ACR Convergence 2024
Use of Outpatient Antiviral Therapy and Severe Outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in Patients with Immune Mediated Diseases on B Cell Depleting Agents
Cassandra Calabrese¹, Xiaofang wang², Abhijit Duggal², Gretchen Sacha², Shuaiqi Huang² and Leonard Calabrese², ¹Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Heights, OH, ²Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
Background/Purpose: Immunocompromised patients constitute a high-risk group for severe COVID-19 outcomes and those on B cell depleting therapy (BCTD) are among the most vulnerable. Previous…
Abstract Number: 1531 • ACR Convergence 2024
Prospective mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Additional Vaccination in Systemic Autoimmune Disease Patients on Immunosuppressive Medications in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Meggan Mackay¹, Catriona Wagner², Ashley Pinckney³, Jeffrey Cohen⁴, Zachary Wallace⁵, Arezou Khosroshahi⁶, Jeffrey Sparks⁷, Sandra Lord⁸, Amit Saxena⁹, Roberto Caricchio¹⁰, Alfred Kim¹¹, Diane Kamen¹², Fotios Koumpouras¹³, Anca Askanase¹⁴, Kenneth Smith¹⁵, Joel Guthridge¹⁵, Susan Macwana¹⁶, Sean McCarthy¹⁷, Matthew Sherman¹⁸, Sanaz Daneshfar Hamrah¹⁹, Maria Veri¹⁹, Kate York²⁰, Sarah Walker²¹, Sandeep Narpala²², Robin Carroll²², Bob Lin²², Leonid Serebryanny²², Adrian McDermott²³, William Barry²¹, Ellen Goldmuntz²⁴, James McNamara²⁵, Sara Tedeschi²⁶, Amit Bar-Or²⁷, Dinesh Khanna²⁸, ACV01 Clinical Study Team¹⁵ and Judith James¹⁵, ¹Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, ²Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Santa Cruz, CA, ³Rho, St Louis Park, NC, ⁴Neurologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA, Cleveland, OH, ⁵Massachusetts General Hospital, Newton, MA, ⁶Emory University, Atlanta, GA, ⁷Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Boston, MA, ⁸Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA., Seattle, WA, ⁹NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, ¹⁰University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, ¹¹Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, St Louis, MO, ¹²Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, ¹³Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, ¹⁴Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, ¹⁵Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, ¹⁶Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, ¹⁷DAIT/NIAID/NIH, Rockville, MD, ¹⁸DAIT/NIAID/NIH, Washington, DC, ¹⁹Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, NIH/NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA., Bethesda, MD, ²⁰Rho Federal Systems Division, Durham, NC, USA., Durham, NC, ²¹Rho, Durham, NC, ²²Vaccine Research Center, NIH/NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD, ²³Vaccine Research Center, NIH/NIAID, Bethesda, MD, ²⁴NIAID/ NIH, Washington, DC, ²⁵NIH, Bethesda, MD, ²⁶Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, ²⁷Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, Philadelphia, PA, ²⁸Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Ann Arbor, MI
Background/Purpose: Autoimmune disease patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid (MMF/MPA), methotrexate (MTX), or B cell-depleting therapies (BCDT) exhibit reduced humoral responses following primary two-dose COVID-19…
Abstract Number: 2242 • ACR Convergence 2024
A Cross-sectional Study on Predictors of COVID-19 Infection, Admission and Mortality and Effect of Immunomodulating Treatments in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Mohammad Movahedi¹, Elliot Hepworth², Angela Cesta³, Xiuying Li³, Claire Bombardier⁴ and Sibel Aydin⁵, and OBRI investogators, ¹Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, ²University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, ³UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁴University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁵Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Background/Purpose: COVID-19 infection frequently leads to a cytokine storm, which has successfully been treated with some immunomodulating therapies according to observational studies. Interestingly, treatments investigated…

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