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Abstract Number: 1038

Tenofovir, a Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor for Treatment of HIV, Promotes Osteoclast Differentiation and Decreases Osteoblast Formation By a Mechanism Depending on ATP Release and Adenosine

Francisco Miguel Conesa-Buendia1, Patricia Llamas2, Raquel Largo3, Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont3, Bruce N. Cronstein4 and Aranzazu Mediero5, 1Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz- UAM, Madrid, Spain, 2Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain, 3Bone and Joint Research Unit, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital & Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain, 4Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York, NY, 5Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Madrid, Spain

Meeting: 2018 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting

Keywords: Adenosine receptors, Drug toxicity, Osteoblasts, osteoclastogenesis and treatment

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Session Information

Date: Monday, October 22, 2018

Title: Osteoarthritis and Joint Biology – Basic Science Poster I

Session Type: ACR Poster Session B

Session Time: 9:00AM-11:00AM

Background/Purpose:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection devastates the immune system but also affects tissues and organs such as kidney, liver, central nervous system, heart and bone. Bone alterations have been observed in HIV disease for nearly two decades, in particular a higher risk of low bone mineral density (BMD) and fragility fractures. Treatment of patients with Tenofovir alone or in combination (as part of HAART), leads to further changes in bone catabolism markers and significant reductions in BMD in children and young adults. Tenofovir is taken up by cells and phosphorylated; tenofovir-phosphate inhibits HIV-reverse transcriptase by mimicking AMP. We have recently found that Tenofovir inhibits Pannexin-1/Connexin-43-mediated ATP release from cells and decreases extracellular adenosine levels and fibrosis in murine models. As adenosine and ATP are key regulators of bone homeostasis, we determined whether Tenofovir directly affects bone by an adenosine- or ATP-dependent mechanism.

Methods:

M-CSF/RANKL-induced osteoclast (OC) and stimulated osteoblast (OB) differentiation were studied in primary murine bone marrow culture as the number of TRAP-positive or Alizarin Red-positive cells, respectively, after challenge with Tenofovir (1nM-100µM) alone or in combination with Dipyridamole (1nM-100µM), an agent that increases extracellular adenosine by blocking cellular adenosine uptake. Pannexin-1 and Connexin-43 expression were permanently knocked down in RAW264.7cells by lentiviral infection with appropriate shRNA or scrambled shRNA and these cells were induced to differentiate into OC by RANKL. OC/OB differentiation markers were study by RT-PCR, and intracellular pathways by Western Blot.

Results:

Tenofovir produced a dose-dependent increase in OC differentiation (EC50=44.5nM) that was reversed by Dipyridamole (IC50=0.3µM). Tenofovir increases Cathepsin K and NFATc1 mRNA levels during OC differentiation, and the effect was reversed by Dipyridamole. When both Pannexin-1 and Connexin-43 were absent, Tenofovir did not increase OC number. Dipyridamole reversed the effect of Tenofovir on pERK1/2, pp38 and NFkB nuclear translocation. Tenofovir inhibits OB differentiation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50=0.4µM) and treatment with Dipyridamole reversed this effect (EC50=10nM). Tenofovir increases RANKL mRNA expression and decreases OPG mRNA expression during OB differentiation; these effects are reversed by Dipyridamole. We have also found alterations in beta catenin signaling pathway due to Tenofovir treatment.

Conclusion:

Tenofovir enhances osteoclast differentiation and inhibits osteoblast differentiation by an adenosine-dependent mechanism, a finding that suggests that treatment with agents that increase local adenosine concentrations, like Dipyridamole, might prevent bone loss due to Tenofovir treatment.


Disclosure: F. M. Conesa-Buendia, None; P. Llamas, None; R. Largo, None; G. Herrero-Beaumont, None; B. N. Cronstein, Cantic Biopharma, Regenosine, 1,NIH Arthitis foundation, Astrazeneca, 2,Horizon Pharmaceuticals, Regenosine, 5,Patent issued and pending, 9; A. Mediero, CP15/00053 PI16/0991, 2, 9.

To cite this abstract in AMA style:

Conesa-Buendia FM, Llamas P, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G, Cronstein BN, Mediero A. Tenofovir, a Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor for Treatment of HIV, Promotes Osteoclast Differentiation and Decreases Osteoblast Formation By a Mechanism Depending on ATP Release and Adenosine [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018; 70 (suppl 9). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/tenofovir-a-nucleoside-analog-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor-for-treatment-of-hiv-promotes-osteoclast-differentiation-and-decreases-osteoblast-formation-by-a-mechanism-depending-on-atp-release-and-2/. Accessed .
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