Subclinical Giant Cell Arteritis in Polimialgia Rheumatica: A Biomarker of High Relapse Risk

Eugenio De Miguel¹, Rositsa Karalilova², PIERLUIGI MACCHIONI³, Cristina Ponte⁴, Edoardo Conticini⁵, Alessandro Tomelleri⁶, Sara Monti⁷, Irene Monjo¹, Zguro Batalov², Giulia Klinowski⁸, Paolo Falsetti⁹, David Kane¹⁰, Corrado Campochiaro¹¹ and Alojzija Hocevar¹², ¹Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain, ²Medical University of Plovdiv, University Hospital Kaspela, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, ³Azienda USL -IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy, ⁴Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, ⁵Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, ⁶Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy, ⁷Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy, ⁸IRCCS-S.Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, ⁹San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Siena, Italy, ¹⁰Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, ¹¹IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Disease. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, ¹²Department of Rheumatology, Universitiy Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Meeting: ACR Convergence 2023

Keywords: giant cell arteritis, Managed Care, Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR), Ultrasound, Vasculitis

Session Information

Date: Tuesday, November 14, 2023

Title: (2387–2424) Vasculitis – Non-ANCA-Associated & Related Disorders Poster III

Session Type: Poster Session C

Session Time: 9:00AM-11:00AM

Background/Purpose: Around 20% of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) patients without clinical symptoms of giant cell arteritis (GCA) have subclinical GCA by image or byopsy¹. However, there is not data about its natural evolution and how these patients should be treated.Our main objective was to compare the outcomes of patients with PMR and subclinical GCA with those with isolated PMR over a 2-year period.

Methods: We included PMR patients with a complete vascular ultrasound examination at basal visit, recruited from nine European rheumatology centers. We analyzed longitudinal data from baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Only patients followed for at least one year were included. All patients fulfilled the 2012 EULAR/ACR Provisional Classification Criteria for PMR. Patients were stratified into two groups: isolated PMR and PMR with subclinical GCA with ultrasound positive halo sign. The outcomes (relapses, prednisone use and treatments needed) were compared between groups, using Chi², student t test and logistic regression analysis. PMR relapse was defined as clinical and/or laboratory worsening after initial remission requiring change in treatment after excluding other causes. Relapses were classified as minor or major according to the EULAR definition².

Results: We included 150 PMR patients (50 with subclinical GCA, 100 withisolated PMR) with a median (IQR) follow-up of 22 (20; 24) months without significant differences betweenisolated PMR and subclinical GCA. 47 patients (29%) had a relapse, 31 (62%) in the PMR with subclinical GCA group and 16 (14.3%)in the isolated PMR group (p< 0.001).In patients with pure PMR all relapses were minor, whereas in patients with subclinical GCA there was one major relapse. Prednisone starting dose was significantly higher in patients with PMR with subclinical GCA than in patients with isolated PMR (Table 1). Among patients with subclinical GCA, no differences were found in the prednisone starting dose between those who relapsed and those who did not (mean, 32.4±15.6 vs 35.5±12.1 mg, p=0.722). Patients who relapsed had a faster prednisone dose reduction in the first 3 months in compared to the non-relapsing patients (mean dose at 3 months, 13.0±7.4 vs 18.8±7.5 mg, p< 0.01). Five patients in the PMR with subclinical GCA group received tozilizumab therapy at diagnosis; one of them had a minor relapse. No differences were found between relapsing and non-relapsing patients with subclinical GCA regarding age, sex, CPR and ESR.

Conclusion: Patients with PMR and subclinical GCA had a significantly higher number of relapses during a 24-month follow-up than patients with isolated PMR (62 vs 16%). Our results suggest that patients with PMR with subclinical GCA should be treated in the same manner as patients with clinically overt GCA without ischemic symptoms.

References. 1 De Miguel et al.Prevalence and characteristics of subclinical giant cell arteritis in polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023 May 2:kead189. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead189. Online ahead of print. 2 Hellmich B et al. 2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jan;79:19-30. Acknowledgements:To the GCA/PMR study group

Disclosures: E. De Miguel: None; R. Karalilova: None; P. MACCHIONI: None; C. Ponte: None; E. Conticini: None; A. Tomelleri: Novartis, 1; S. Monti: CSL Vifor, 6; I. Monjo: None; Z. Batalov: None; G. Klinowski: None; P. Falsetti: None; D. Kane: None; C. Campochiaro: Boehringer Ingelheim, 1, 6, Janssen, 1, 6, Novartis, 1, 6; A. Hocevar: None.

To cite this abstract in AMA style:

De Miguel E, Karalilova R, MACCHIONI P, Ponte C, Conticini E, Tomelleri A, Monti S, Monjo I, Batalov Z, Klinowski G, Falsetti P, Kane D, Campochiaro C, Hocevar A. Subclinical Giant Cell Arteritis in Polimialgia Rheumatica: A Biomarker of High Relapse Risk [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023; 75 (suppl 9). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/subclinical-giant-cell-arteritis-in-polimialgia-rheumatica-a-biomarker-of-high-relapse-risk/. Accessed .

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