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Abstract Number: 1193

Mortality Rate According to Cause in Patients with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Meta-Analysis

Khushboo Sheth1,2, Chia-Ling Kuo3, Dhruv Modi4 and Christopher Scola5, 1Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, Farmington, CT, 2Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 3Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 4Internal Medicine, Jamaica Hospital and Medical Center, New York, NY, 5Rheumatology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT

Meeting: 2016 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting

Date of first publication: September 28, 2016

Keywords: Infection, Malignancy, meta-analysis and morbidity and mortality

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Session Information

Date: Monday, November 14, 2016

Title: Epidemiology and Public Health - Poster II

Session Type: ACR Poster Session B

Session Time: 9:00AM-11:00AM

Background/Purpose: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare syndrome of excessive immune activation associated with high mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce mortality among these patients. In our study, we analyzed the rate of mortality independently and according to the cause in patients with HLH.

Methods: Pubmed database with the MeSH terms (“lymphohistiocytosis, hemophagocytic”[MeSH Terms] OR (“lymphohistiocytosis”[All Fields] AND “hemophagocytic”[All Fields]) OR “hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis”[All Fields] OR (“hemophagocytic”[All Fields] AND “lymphohistiocytosis”[All Fields])) AND cases [All Fields] were queried which yielded 466 results. Case series referenced from these studies were also studied. 74 studies were identified out of which the studies with a sample size smaller than 10 were excluded. 48 studies were kept with a total of 1983 patients. Meta analysis was performed to combine the mortality rates of all studies and studies of patients with the same cause. The results were presented in a Forest plot. Prior to the meta analysis, the heterogeneity test on mortalities was conducted to choose a fixed or random effects model. I2, a common heterogeneity measure, was reported with 25%, 50%, 75% suggesting low, moderate, and high heterogeneity.

Results: The combined mortality rate for all studies was 41.99% [95% confidence interval (CI) 36%> 49%]. In studies of patients with EBV infection (n=4), the combined mortality rate was 44% (95% CI 18%>74%) whereas the mortality rate in studies with other infections (n=4) was 46 % (95% CI 13-83%). The mortality rate in patients with hematological malignancy (n=8) was higher at 60% (95% CI 44%>74%]. For studies of patients with autoimmune diseases (n=2) and in transplant (n=4) patients, the combined mortality rate was 11% (95% CI 5%>21%) in patients with autoimmune disease and 38% (95% CI 27%>51%) in transplant patients. I2 for the mortalities of all studies and each cause was presented as follows: I2 = 0% (p=0.764) for autoimmune disease, I2 = 94.8% [89.6%; 97.4%] (p<0.0001) for EBV infection, I2 = 75.2% [50%; 87.7%] (p=0.0002) for hematological malignancy, I2 = 75.2% [50%; 87.7%] (p=0.0002) for infection malignancy, I2 =89.2% [75.1%; 95.3%] (p<0.0001) for other infection, and I2 = 0% [0%; 52.1%] (p=0.811) for transplant. The heterogeneity test result remained significant but for the causes of autoimmune disease and transplant.

Conclusion: Based on our results, mortality is higher in patients with hematological malignancy compared to patients with other causes, whereas it is lower in patients with autoimmune disease.


Disclosure: K. Sheth, None; C. L. Kuo, None; D. Modi, None; C. Scola, None.

To cite this abstract in AMA style:

Sheth K, Kuo CL, Modi D, Scola C. Mortality Rate According to Cause in Patients with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Meta-Analysis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016; 68 (suppl 10). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/mortality-rate-according-to-cause-in-patients-with-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-a-meta-analysis/. Accessed .
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