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Abstract Number: 1788

Anti-neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Autoantibodies in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Yu Zuo1, Srilakshmi Yalavarthi 2, Kelsey Gockman 2, David Karp 3, Quan-Zhen Li 4 and Jason Knight 5, 1University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 2University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 3UTSouthwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 4Department of Immunology & Internal Medicine/University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Charleston, 5Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI

Meeting: 2019 ACR/ARP Annual Meeting

Keywords: Antiphospholipid antibodies, antiphospholipid syndrome, NETosis and antibody microarray

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Session Information

Date: Monday, November 11, 2019

Session Title: 4M087: Antiphospholipid Syndrome (1788–1793)

Session Type: ACR Abstract Session

Session Time: 2:30PM-4:00PM

Background/Purpose: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are prothrombotic tangles of chromatin and microbicidal proteins ejected from neutrophils in response to a variety of stimuli.  In antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), recent work has demonstrated high levels of NETs in the blood of APS patients; that antiphospholipid antibodies can engage neutrophils to trigger NET release; and that APS serum degrades NETs poorly.  Here, we hypothesized that APS might be perpetuated by crosstalk between NETs and anti-NET autoantibodies.

Methods: Purified, partially-digested NETs were used to coat ELISA plates.  Levels of anti-NET IgG and IgM (OD at 450 nm) were determined.  A positive cut-off was established as mean OD+2 SD of healthy-control samples.  For a subset of patients, we also measured autoantibody formation with a microarray platform that included 120 potential autoantigens (48 NET-associated antigens and 72 other autoantigens). Univariate logistic regression was performed to determine clinical associations.  Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare levels of anti-NET autoantibodies and plasma NET remnants (myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes) between groups.

Results: As compared with controls (n=46), primary APS (n=78) was characterized by marked elevations in IgG (0.51 ± 0.36 vs. 0.29 ± 0.09; p< 0.0001) and IgM (0.76 ± 0.50 vs. 0.26 ± 0.23; p< 0.0001) anti-NET autoantibodies.  Importantly, levels of anti-NET antibodies did not correlate with levels of anti-β2GPI (R2 < 0.01).  By univariate logistic regression, positive anti-NET IgG/IgM was significantly associated with arterial thrombosis (P< 0.0001 for IgG / P< 0.0001 for IgM), venous thrombosis (P< 0.0001 for IgG / P< 0.0001 for IgM), and pregnancy morbidity (P=0.02 for IgG / P=0.03 for IgM).  Intriguingly, positive anti-NET IgG/IgM was also associated with non-criteria features such as thrombocytopenia and livedo reticularis (Figure 1).  Higher circulating NET remnants were observed in primary APS patients with venous thrombosis (P=0.0007) and recurrent venous thrombosis (P=0.0003) as compared with healthy controls (Figure 2).  In pursuit of the antigen specificity of anti-NET autoantibodies, 20 of the primary APS samples were analysed by autoantibody microarray and compared with 20 matched controls.  IgG/IgM autoantibodies against the following NET-relevant antigens were significantly elevated in primary APS:  anti-citrullinated-histone H3, anti-chromatin, anti-nucleosome, and anti-bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI).

Conclusion: Patients with primary APS have high levels of anti-NET autoantibodies.  Anti-NET IgG/IgM is associate with both criteria and some non-criteria APS clinical features. Autoantigen microarray reveals a marked enrichment of various specific citrullinated /non-citrullinated anti-NET autoantibodies in patients with primary APS. Anti-NET activity may associate with specific antigens present in NETs such as citrullinated-histone H3 and BPI.  Interestingly, anti-NET autoantibodies do not correlate with anti-β2GPI, suggesting their potential as a novel, independent, and clinically-relevant biomarker.


Fig 1


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Disclosure: Y. Zuo, None; S. Yalavarthi, None; K. Gockman, None; D. Karp, None; Q. Li, None; J. Knight, None.

To cite this abstract in AMA style:

Zuo Y, Yalavarthi S, Gockman K, Karp D, Li Q, Knight J. Anti-neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Autoantibodies in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019; 71 (suppl 10). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/anti-neutrophil-extracellular-trap-net-autoantibodies-in-primary-antiphospholipid-syndrome/. Accessed January 15, 2021.
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