Accelerated Waning of Protective Immunity After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Patients Treated with Biological and Targeted Synthetic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs

Elisabeth Simader¹, Selma Tobudic², Thomas Deimel³, Peter mandl⁴, Helmuth Haslacher⁵, Thomas Perkmann⁵, Lisa Schneider⁶, Thomas Nothnagl⁷, Helga Radner¹, Florian Winkler⁸, Heinz Burgmann⁸, Karin Stiasny⁹, Gottfried Novacek¹⁰, Walter Reinisch¹¹, Daniel Aletaha¹², Stefan Winkler² and STEPHAN BLUEML¹, ¹Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ²Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ³Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ⁴Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria, ⁵Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ⁶Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, ⁷Second Medical Department, Korneuburg-Stockerau Hospital, Lower Austrian Centre for Rheumatology, Stockerau, Austria, ⁸Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ⁹Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ¹⁰Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ¹¹Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ¹²Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria

Meeting: ACR Convergence 2022

Keywords: COVID-19

Session Information

Date: Sunday, November 13, 2022

Title: RA – Treatment Poster II

Session Type: Poster Session B

Session Time: 9:00AM-10:30AM

Background/Purpose: Little is known about the duration of humoral antibody levels after two SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations in patients with immunosuppression. During this ongoing global epidemic, it is of essential interest to gather information about the time of protection after initial immunization in the vulnerable patients receiving either conventional synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARD) or biological/ targeted drugs (b/tsDMARDs).

In this study we compared the antibody level development after vaccination and after six months in patients with inflammatory arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy controls. Furthermore, we assessed factors affecting the quality and quantity of the humoral response.

Methods: We enrolled 85 healthy controls (HC), 75 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis and 41 patients suffering from IBD. Patients treated with B-cell depleting therapies were excluded from this study. Binding antibody units were measured after vaccination and 6 or more months. Neutralizing antibodies were measured after 6 months. Multivariate regression analyses analyzing factors associated with low titers after 6 months was performed.

Results: We found that patients with inflammatory arthritis or IBD showed reduced anti-SARS-CoV-2 S titers compared to HC. When we stratified for therapies, we found that patients receiving conventional synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic dugs (csDMARDs) had comparable anti-SARS-CoV-2 S titers to HC. In contrast, patients receiving biological or targeted synthetic (b/tsDMARDs) showed reduced anti-SARS-CoV-2 Igs as well as neutralizing antibody titers compared with healthy controls (HC) or patients receiving conventional synthetic (cs)DMARDs. We further show that anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers declined more rapidly in patients receiving b/tsDMARDs compared to HC, leading to a 50 percent reduction in vaccination-associated protection time in patients receiving b/tsDMARDs when compared to those receiving csDMARDs or even HC. In multivariate regression analyses, we find that in addition to the type of treatment, also age as well as corticosteroid use were associated with reduced anti-SARS-CoV-2 S titer.

Conclusion: Patients under ongoing b/tsDMARDs therapy exposed an accelerated waning of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S titers and therefore decreased immunity and protection against severe Covid-19 infections over time. These results may lead to more personalized approaches for further vaccination strategies in this group of immunosuppressed patients.

Figure 1: A, Analysis of anti-SARS-CoV_2 S titers 6 months after the second vaccination in patients with inflammatory arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and HC (** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.005, **** p ≤ 0.001). B, Quantification of neutralizing antibody activity in inflammatory arthritis patients, according to the given treatments.

Disclosures: E. Simader, Boehringer-Ingelheim; S. Tobudic, None; T. Deimel, None; P. mandl, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb(BMS), Celgene, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Merck/MSD, Roche, UCB; H. Haslacher, Glock Health, BlueSky Immunotherapies, Neutrolis; T. Perkmann, None; L. Schneider, None; T. Nothnagl, None; H. Radner, None; F. Winkler, None; H. Burgmann, Merck/MSD, Pfizer, Takeda, Gilead, Merck/MSD, Pfizer, Shionogi, Valneva, MSD, Gilead; K. Stiasny, Pfizer; G. Novacek, None; W. Reinisch, Abbott Laboratories, AbbVie, Aesca, Centocor, Falk Pharma GmbH, Immundiagnostik, Janssen, Sandoz, Takeda, Aptalis, Astellas, Celltrion, Danone Austria, Elan, Ferring, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, PLS Education, Schering-Plough, Shire, Therakos, Vifor, Yakult, Amgen, AM Pharma, AstraZeneca, Biogen IDEC, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb(BMS), Cellerix, Chemocentryx, Celgene, DSM, Galapagos, Genentech, Grünenthal, Inova, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, Millenium, Nestlé, Novartis, Ocera, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus, Second Genome, Setpointmedical, Tigenix, UCB, Zealand, Zyngenia, 4SC, Algernon, AMT, AOP Orphan, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Avaxia, Roger Berger GmBH, Bioclinica, Covance, Eli Lilly, Ernest & Young, Gatehouse Bio Inc., Gilead, ICON, Index Pharma, Intrinsic Imaging, LivaNova, Mallinckrodt, Medahead, MedImmune, Nash Pharmaceuticals, Nippon Kayaku, OMass, Parexel, Periconsulting, Philip Morris Institute, Protagonist, Provention, Quell Therapeutics, Robarts Clinical Trial, Seres Therapeutics, Sigmoid, Sublimity, Theravance; D. Aletaha, Novartis, SoBi, Sanofi, Amgen, Lilly, Merck, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Janssen, AbbVie; S. Winkler, None; S. BLUEML, AbbVie/Abbott, Novartis.

To cite this abstract in AMA style:

Simader E, Tobudic S, Deimel T, mandl P, Haslacher H, Perkmann T, Schneider L, Nothnagl T, Radner H, Winkler F, Burgmann H, Stiasny K, Novacek G, Reinisch W, Aletaha D, Winkler S, BLUEML S. Accelerated Waning of Protective Immunity After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Patients Treated with Biological and Targeted Synthetic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022; 74 (suppl 9). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/accelerated-waning-of-protective-immunity-after-sars-cov-2-mrna-vaccination-in-patients-treated-with-biological-and-targeted-synthetic-disease-modifying-antirheumatic-drugs/. Accessed .

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